Found a good "Science" link? Let Us Know!

General

PreSchool

United States Department of the Interior Kids on the Web This page contains links for kids of all ages.

Woodsy Owl Woodsy has been America's environmental champion since 1970, and is most recognized for his wise request, "Give a hoot. Don't Pollute." Join the USDA Forest Service in introducing children to this fanciful creature. Woodsy is coming to you with simple, hands-on land stewardship activities--and there's so much more ahead.

Smokey  Bear Join Smokey for some forest and campfire fun. And, along the way, discover Smokey’s rules for forest fire safety and prevention so that you can become a member of Smokey’s team! (games, coloring, facts & fun)

Grades K-5

"Marshmallow Meiosis" An innovative (and fun!) way to teach about genetics to youngsters. Elementary level.

"Cool Kid’s Science Projects" Simple, basic science projects for grades k-6. Easy text & simple graphics.

"Vertebrates for K-12" Page designed to provide info & links for students on vertebrates for classroom research projects. Teachers/parents need to evaluate each link for instructional purposes & appropriateness to age groups. Good resource!

"Neat Chemical Experiments" A compendium of interesting and fun learning experiments to do with your kids.

"Demystifying Spiders" Excellent article very well written on the origin, history and habits of spiders with an aim at understanding and teaching about them to children.

Grades 6-8

Metathesis Reactions Ionic compounds consist of two parts: a positive ion (cation) and a negative ion (anion). The cation comes first, both in the name and in the formula for an ionic compound

Oxidation-Reduction (Redox) Reactions These kinds of reactions are, in general, more complicated than the simple metathesis reactions. A discussion of these reactions is necessary before we can discuss the production of metals and explosives.

Kites - links to dozens of kite plans on the internet.

Kites for Kids Only - and adults too! For wonderful, unusual kites to build, look here!

Why Kites Fly... Pretty good basics with links to more. Easy to understand for kids.

Parachutes and Air Resistance Pretty neat page describes the history and dynamics of parachutes, with links to more. Good stuff.

Dr. Moseev's Parachute Design Lab software on-line: aerodynamic, structural and aeroelastic analysis, 3D modeling and patterning, and more… Somebody who knows what they are doing should visit this site and clue me in on whether or not this is good stuff.

Air Travelers An Introduction to the Basic Principles of Buoyancy. Air Travelers is an introduction to the basic principles of buoyancy, properties of gases, temperature, and the technology involved in hot air ballooning. This resource is primarily for teachers in the upper elementary grades. Really neat stuff.

BERNOULLI'S PRINCIPLE AND HOW WINGS WORK Pretty good basics with links to more. Easy to understand for kids.

NASA Langley Learning Technologies Project This is one of the best Elementary/High School level aerodynamics pages I have seen. Will get kids interested and keep them interested while learning.

Interactive 3D animation to fold paper airplanes - Shareware for Windows

Interactive 3D animation to fold paper airplanes - Shareware for Mac

The Science of Rocketry The 4-H Rockets Away web site. The Rockets Away educational program teaches about the science of rocketry through the use of hands-on experiments, computer software and the building and launching of 2-liter bottle rockets. A very cool, educational, site.

The Nine Planets - A Multimedia Tour of the Solar System. Our knowledge of our solar system is extensive. But it is far from complete. Some of the worlds have never even been photographed up close. The Nine Planets is an overview of what we know today. We are still exploring. Much more is still to come. This is a VERY COOL site.

View the Earth from a Satellite To view the Earth as currently seen from a satellite in Earth orbit, choose the satellite from the list below and press the "View Earth from Satellite" button. The satellite database is updated regularly but may not reflect the current position of satellites, such as the U.S. Space Shuttle, which maneuver frequently after reaching orbit.

The Earth and Moon Viewer You can view either a map of the Earth showing the day and night regions at this moment, or view the Earth from the Sun, the Moon, the night side of the Earth, above any location on the planet specified by latitude, longitude and altitude, from a satellite in Earth orbit, or above various cities around the globe. In addition to the Earth, you can also view the Moon from the Earth, Sun, night side, above named formations on the lunar surface. or as a map showing day and night. A related document compares the appearance of the Moon at perigee and apogee, including an interactive Perigee and Apogee Calculator. WOW!!!

Moon Phase Finder Cool project. For a simple version of a moon plate for young children, see Oreo Moon Phases.

"Mad Scientist Experiments" A collection of interesting & fun experiments that can be set up & performed at home.

"Fall Fallacies" Interesting Family Newsletter article on Earth equinoxes & the gravitational pull of the moon. For grades around 7-10.

"The Oatmeal Box Crystal Radio Set" Great little article on building your own crystal radio out of an oatmeal box (tube). Includes parts list, graphics and detailed instructions. Great science project.

Grades 9-12

"Botany Tutorial" This is a High-School/College level tutorial on the science of botany/taxonomy. Good educational resource.

1871 THE DESCENT OF MAN by Charles Darwin.

"From Caveman to Chemist" articles.

Advanced

LiveSky.com: http://www.livesky.com/

Astronomy: Free Software: http://freeware.intrastar.net/astronmy.htm

Astronomy & Physics Links and Information (scroll down to the current projects section): http://www.isc.tamu.edu/~astro/  

"Model Rocket FTP Site" Articles & schematics & graphics and program software download site (or browse). Everything you need to make rockets and/or missiles.

Aerodynamics

Beginner's Guide to Aerodynamics What is aerodynamics? The word comes from two Greek words: aerios, concerning the air, and dynamis, meaning powerful. Aerodynamics is the study of forces and the resulting motion of objects through the air. Judging from the story of Daedalus and Icarus, humans have been interested in aerodynamics and flying for thousands of years, although flying in a heavier-than-air machine has been possible only in the last hundred years.

Compressible Aerodynamics Calculator This calculator, written in Javascript by William Devenport at the Aerospace and Ocean Engineering Department, Virginia Tech, computes the standard relations for compressible flow of a perfect gas. The calculator is intended to provide a faster more convenient alternative to printed tables and charts (e.g. NACA Report 1135).

Aerodynamics for Students This web textbook contains information, data tables and computer programs for the study of Aerodynamics. Topics relevant to the undergraduate degree in Aeronautical Engineering are covered.

Aerodynamics in Plain English - Online Edition. Written by Dr. Hanley as a starting point for professionals, students and enthusiasts, Aerodynamics in Plain English is a collection of easy-to-understand explanations to difficult aerodynamics concepts. Plain English will help you to become familiar with the basic concepts of aerodynamics. You will find all of the 17 short articles included in this collection both informative and enjoyable; the perfect introduction to aerodynamics.

Advanced Topics in Aerodynamics This web site is an electronic media about aerodynamics, aeronautics and propulsion systems. The topics presented are of general interest, more or less advanced. The site is addressed to the expert and non expert who have a prior knowledge of aerodynamics and fluid dynamics. There is no mathematics. Large use is made of graphics, figures, tables, summaries, reference to further reading.

Applied Aerodynamics: A Digital Textbook Demonstration Version This demonstration version does not include several chapters that are available in the released version. Video clips, problem sets, and some java applets are also omitted. To obtain a complete copy on CD for Windows or Mac, see the Applied Aerodynamics page on the Desktop Aeronautics web site. Normally I don't link to sales sites, but the demo includes ALOT of great info - so here ya go!

PRINCIPLES OF AERONAUTICS A complete text on aeronautics at various reading levels. Great place to start regardless of prior knowledge.

Mark Ketchum's Bridge Aerodynamics Page The science of bridge aerodynamics was born after the Tacoma Narrows bridge collapsed in a moderate wind storm in 1940. The Tacoma experience taught engineers that wind causes not only static loads on the bridge, but also significant dynamic actions.

Aircraft Aerodynamics and Design Group On-Line Technical Reports and Publications: a research lab in Stanford University's Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics involved with research in applied aerodynamics and aircraft design. Our work ranges from the development of computational and experimental methods for aerodynamic analysis to studies of unconventional aircraft concepts and new architectures for multidisciplinary design optimization.

Aircraft Design: Synthesis and Analysis This is a pre-release development version of a system of programs and textbook material to be released shortly on CD. This material is based on course notes for the class AA241A and B, a graduate level course in aircraft design at Stanford University. The course involves individual aircraft design projects with problem sets and lectures devoted to various aspects of the design and analysis of a complete aerospace system. Students select a particular type of aircraft to be designed and, in two academic quarters, define the configuration using methods similar to those used in the aircraft industry for preliminary design work. Together with the vehicle definition and analysis, basic principles of applied aerodynamics, structures, controls, and system integration, applicable to many types of aerospace problems are discussed. The objective of the course is to present the fundamental elements of these topics, showing how they are applied in a practical design.

Helicopter Aerodynamics much of the material has been taken from U.S. Army Field Manual 1-51, and then modified as appropriate.

Aerospace Digital Library's basic-knowledge content on the field of Aerodynamics. Links to various commonly-known areas of aerodynamics. Note that they are not mutually exclusive. Classifications of areas in aerodynamics are discussed under Introduction to Aerodynamics.

DESIGN-CENTERED INTRODUCTION TO AEROSPACE ENGINEERING For fast access to subject areas beyond the Introduction course, please use Table 1. For guided access, skip Table 1 and proceed with the introduction course.

STOP ABUSING BERNOULLI! LEARN HOW WINGS REALLY WORK-- During most of the 20th century, much of the popular teaching of how wings work has been false. In part this has been deliberate. Many years ago, a most famous aerodynamicist, Dr. Theodore VonKarman, instructed his assistant: "When you are talking to technically illiterate people you must resort to the plausible falsehood instead of the difficult truth." (From Stories of a 20th Century Life by W.R. Sears). Site author wants to sell you his book, but the page really is interesting and informative.

GALLERY OF FLUID DYNAMICS One of the most attractive features of fluid mechanics is the beauty of the flows one encounters. Whether one is observing vortex streets, the potential flow around an airfoil or body, shock refraction or diffraction, or waves breaking on a beach the aesthetic appeal of fluid mechanics is impossible to deny.

eFluids is a specialty web portal designed to serve as a one-stop web information resource for anyone working in the areas of flow engineering, fluid mechanics research, education and directly related topics.  It is designed to become the first step on the path to solving problems in flow engineering and fluid mechanics research and development for the global fluid dynamics community  by providing engineers, industry professionals, researchers, educators, and students with a consolidated, intelligently selected and organized database linking all aspects of the fluid flow specialization.

Anthropology

John H. Bodley, An Anthropological Perspective From Cultural Anthropology: Tribes, States, and the Global System, 1994. John H. Bodley is Chair of the Department of Anthropology at Washington State University. In this excerpt from his textbook on cultural anthropology, Bodley discusses the history of anthropological conceptions of culture. Bodley's own definition, similar in many ways to the baseline definition offered here, is a good example of contemporary anthropological views about culture; that is, it is descriptive, inclusive, and relativistic.

Theory in Anthropology Sociocultural Anthropology has been through dramatic changes in the last 30 years. As part of their work in the Indiana University Anthropology Department's "Proseminar in Sociocultural Anthropology" students have compiled webpages covering subdisciplines within the field, important organizations and associations, changes in anthropological perspectives over time, and prominent theorists. All are valuable resources for beginning and advanced students in sociocultural anthropology.

Anthropology Resources on the Internet from the American Anthropological Association

Human Evolution The term "hominid" refers to members of the biological human family Hominidae: living humans, all human ancestors, and the many extinct members of Australopithecus. Hominids form a superfamily distinct from the old world apes and monkeys (the Cercopithecoidea), which includes the family of great apes or Pongidae (chimpanzee, gorilla, and orangutan) -- our nearest living biological kin. (The common primate ancestor to humans and living old world apes went extinct several million years ago.)

Anatomy Tables Tables containing information on the bones, brain, muscles, nerves, and more. Great quick reference material or study guide for review.

Comparative Mammalian Brain Collections Black and white images of many mammalian brains, arranged by Order. Featured primate brains include chimpanzee, gorilla, human, many Old and New World monkeys, and several prosimians. Includes brain sections, and information on brain evolution.

The Digital Anatomist: On-Line Interactive Atlases Two- and three-dimensional views of images taken from cadavers, MRI scans, and computer reconstruction. Allows self-testing and labelling of various anatomical landmarks. Currently sections on the brain, thoracic viscera, and skeletal structure of the knee are available.

The Etymology of Anatomy For all those curious souls who have ever wanted to know the roots of the word "acetabulum" or wondered how the coccyx got its name....

Head Anatomy Yale University School of Medicine's anatomical illustrations and radiographic images of the head. Features detailed, labeled images of the skull and associated structures.

The Hosford Muscle Tables An excellent reference containing detailed information about the skeletal muscles of the human body. Included is each muscle's origin, insertion, function, blood supply, and innervation. Linked to printable Hosford Muscle Tables in compact form.

The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Variation An on-line encyclopedia of human anatomic variation. Currently only Volume1 (The Muscular System) is on-line. Future volumes will cover cardiovascular, nervous, organ, and skeletal systems. This is an excellent resource combining textual descriptions of common anatomic variations with photographs of variants discussed.

The Visible Human Project The home page for the National Library of Medicine's Visible Human Project. Includes sample images, descriptions of the Visible Human data, and instructions on how to gain access.

ABC Condo Project, Guam An unpublished report on the skeletal remains of a single individual recovered from the ABC Condo site on Guam. Covers quantitative, qualitative, sex, age, function- and pathology-related aspects of those skeletal and dental remains.

The Boxgrove Archaeological Excavation This page is devoted to the 1995 and 1996 excavations at Boxgrove. Includes an overview and background information on the site in addition to descriptions of Boxgrove Man, the associated faunal remains, and the ancient landscape at Boxgrove. Also includes a discussion of butchery techniques inferred from associated cutmark evidence.

The Crow Creek Massacre Site Text-only information about the Crow Creek Massacre, the discovery of skeletal remains on the site, and their treatment and reburial. Includes a link to images of skeletal pathologies recorded in this population.

The Dental Microwear Web Site Dedicated to the study of microscopic use wear on teeth. Include general information on microwear analysis, sample images, and free dental microwear image analysis software (downloadable from this site). Also included are graphs of the ratio of pits to scratches on molar occlusal surfaces of extant primates and a bibliography of microwear-related references.

Geistlich Biomaterials Scientific information and references on a system for natural bone regeneration used in dental surgery and implants.

Evolutionary Developmental Biology Course lecture notes for evolutionary developmental biology courtesy of the Centre for Human Biology. Provides an excellent introduction to the topic or a comprehensive review.

On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection The complete on-line text of Charles Darwin's 1859 classic.

The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex The complete text of Charles Darwin's 1871 classic available on-line.

The Voyage of the Beagle The complete on-line text of Charles Darwin's 1845 description of the monumental journey during which he formulated his ideas on natural selection.

On the Law Which Has Regulated the Introduction of New Species The complete on-line text of Alfred Russell Wallace's 1855 paper.

On the Tendency of Varieties to Depart Indefinitely from the Original Type The complete on-line text of Alfred Russell Wallace's 1858 paper, read with Darwin's "abstract" of natural selection at the meeting of the Royal Society which established Darwin's primacy to the theory of natural selection.

WWW Virtual Library: Evolution Internet resources on evolutionary biology, including meetings announcements, books / software, academic departments, laboratories, museums / exhibits / collections, phylogenetics, systematics, taxonomy, paleontology, and natural history.

American Board of Forensic Anthropology The home page of the American Board of Forensic Anthropology. Includes information on the ABFA's purpose and certification requirements, an application for certification, a listing of ABFA diplomates, and contact information.

American Board of Forensic Odontology Home page of the American Board of Forensic Odontology. Includes information on the ABFO's purpose and certification requirements.

Forensic Archaeology Contains several on-line papers dealing with various topics in forensic anthropology, including handedness studies, gunshot wounds, war crimes, and the use of archaeological evidence in politics. A password is needed to access the links page.

Forensic Imaging Group A company based in San Jose, CA, researching and developing a computerized laser process 3-D craniofacial reconstruction of skeletal remains. No projected completion date.

Forensic Pathology Index Images of patterns of injury associated with trauma in gross, microscopic, and radiographic views. Explanatory text accompanies each image. Mostly soft tissue, but includes some skeletal trauma difficult to find elsewhere (such as gunshot wounds and skull fracture).

Forensic Science Resouces Contains a definition of forensic anthropology, links, and bibliographies on the subject. Part of a larger forensic science resource database.

Investigating Olduvai: Archaeology of Human Origins A multimedia CD-Rom program designed by Prof. Jeanne Sept (Indiana University) to aid introductory archaeology students in understanding the archaeological evidence for proto-human behavior. Uses actual data for student analysis. Demo version available.

Biological Anthropology: A Synthetic Approach to Human Evolution An on-line study guide to accompany the text of the same name. Includes news updates, on-line quizzes, critical thinking / writing exercises, and a list of WWW links associated with chapter topics.

Human Biology Course / Lecture Notes Lecture notes available for courses in Introductory Anatomy, Human Evolution, and Evolutionary Developmental Biology. Courtesy of the Centre for Human Biology.

The On-line Biology Book A good reference covering many topics in introductory biology. Includes sections on genetics, muscular and skeletal systems, the development of evolutionary theory, and modern views on evolution.

Bone Histology Slides Access to histology laboratory slides of cartilage, joints, bone, and ossification. Includes high, medium, and low power views. Good aid in understanding bone and joint histology.

Bones Tables Information on bones arranged in table format. Includes name, structures, and descriptions of each bone. An excellent study reference!

The Digital Anatomist: On-Line Interactive Atlases Two- and three-dimensional views of images taken from cadavers, MRI scans, and computer reconstruction. Allows self-testing and labelling of various anatomical landmarks. The skeletal structure of the knee (distal FEM, patella, and proximal TIB) is the only osteological section currently available.

The Etymology of Anatomy For all those curious souls who have ever wanted to know the roots of the word "acetabulum" or wondered how the coccyx got its name....

Head Anatomy Yale University School of Medicine's anatomical illustrations and radiographic images of the head. Features detailed, labelled images of the skull and associated structures.

Geistlich Biomaterials Scientific information and references on a system for natural bone regeneration. Mainly used in dental surgery and implants.

Gross Anatomy Radiology Review Radiographic images of head, neck, chest, pelvis, thigh, and knee.

Introductory Anatomy: Bones and Joints Notes from an introductory anatomy course taught through the Centre for Human Biology on bones and joints. Basic, but provides a good review. The notes on bones offer a particularly good explanation of bony landmark classification terminology.

JayDoc HistoWeb Slides with accompanying textual descriptions of connective tissue, cartilage (hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage) and bone (developing skull, epiphysial plate, developing long bone, haversian canals, and decalcified bone). Some of these images cannot be found elsewhere on-line, so this site is worth checking out.

Joints Tables Information on joints arranged in table format. Includes name and type of joint, associated connective tissues, and significance of each. Great reference!

LUMEN Histology Slides Color slides with accompanying descriptions for the study of cartilage and bone, endochondral ossification, and bone marrow and hemopoiesis.

Osteology of the Wrist and Hand Tables on the osteology and muscular anatomy of the hand and wrist. Includes descriptions of bones and articulations, in addition to muscle origins, insertions, functions, and innervations. A great study tool!

Pelvis and Perineum Part of the University of Iowa School of Medicine's multimedia textbook series. Deals with various aspects of pelvic structure and function. Includes illustrated chapters on osseous and ligamentous anatomy, musculature, and other topics.

The Skull Module Features five different views of the skull with individual bones color-coded. Allows the user to click on a bone for a view of it disarticulated in addition to a list of the bones with which it articulates. Includes a short description of the skull as part of the axial skeleton and a glossary. Presented by the Anthropology Department at CSU Chico.

Wheeless's Textbook of Orthopaedics An on-line text containing a wealth of information on fractures, joints, bone growth and repair, and numerous other topics. Includes photos and radiographic images.

Fossil Evidence for Human Evolution in China Includes a catalog of Chinese fossils, position papers, a description of current research activities in China, and links to other sites. The picture gallery of Chinese fossils is an excellent resource.

Hominid Pelvis Comparisons Illustrated comparison of chimpanzee, australopithecine, and human os coxae, femora, and feet with brief comments on important similarities and differences.

Human Evolution Education Network Sponsored by the National Center for Science Education to bring together K-12 science teachers and scientists whose expertise is human evolution. Lists publications of the NCSE in addition to other resources for evolution and biology education in both on-line and traditional formats.

Human Origins and Evolution in Africa Established to maintain current links to the constantly growing scientific database of information on human origins and evolution in Africa.

World Maps of Human Origins Sites World maps providing general locations for several prominent hominid-bearing sites as well as Upper Paleolithic cave art sites.

Marching Through the Visible Man Description of the methodology and results for extracting surfaces from Visible Man CT data. Uses surface connectivity and iso-surface extraction techniques to create polygonal models of skin, bone, muscle, and bowels. Links to downloadable files of animated "trips" through the body.

Marching Through the Visible Woman Description of on-going results in processing CT data using methodology described in Marching Through the Visible Man. Contains links to sites that allow the user to make their own Visible Woman as well as providing internet access to the National Library of Medicine's Visible Woman CT data

Archeology

NPS archeology and ethnography program The National Park Service is steward of a diverse cultural legacy. From the cliff dwellings of the Southwest to the reminiscences of neighborhood residents where Martin Luther King, Jr. grew up, this legacy represents a continuum of American heritage–its places, objects, and traditions. The NPS archeology and ethnography program provides national leadership, coordination, and technical guidance to aid in preserving this heritage.

Teotihuacan Home Page! Site created to offer the general public and experts around the world access to information about this ancient city. It consists of introductory pages, recent excavation reports and academic journals as well as links to other Mesoamerican sites.

Archeology Mapping: Non-Invasive Geophysical Investigation of the SubsurfaceOn this website, you will find information on GSSI survey data collection systems that have been used at sites all over the world to locate and map a large variety of subsurface structural features, objects and their physical properties. This website will also provide information on other non-invasive survey techniques used in archeological applications.

Archaeology Magazine  Daily archaeological news, plus abstracts and full-length articles from the current issue and back issues with exclusive online articles, books, links, and more

The Prehistoric Archaeology of the Aegean This site contains information about the prehistoric archaeology of the Aegean. Through a series of lessons and illustrations, it traces the cultural evolution of humanity in the Aegean basin from the era of hunting and gathering (Palaeolithic-Mesolithic) through the early village farming stage (Neolithic) and the formative period of Aegean civilization into the age of the great palatial cultures of Minoan Crete and and Mycenaean Greece.

Archeological Remote Sensing Remote sensing can be a discovery technique, since the computer can be programmed to look for distinctive "signatures" of energy emitted by a known site or feature in areas where surveys have not been conducted. Such "signatures" serve as recognition features or fingerprints. Such characteristics as elevation, distance from water, distance between sites or cities, corridors, and transportation routes can help to predict the location of potential archeological sites.

Archeology on the Net HUGE resource of links to darn near everything.

Astronomy

Astronomy.com — the newly redesigned and enhanced website from the publishers of Astronomy magazine and a great place to start. At the heart of Astronomy.com are eight core content areas: news, feature stories, observing, an image gallery, parent and teacher resources, Astro for Kids, a beginners section, and the AstroShops. These eight sections offer a wide variety of information in an easy to navigate, highly dynamic and interactive format. We hope you find them useful, informative, and fun. The main page is a bit busy, so the above link points to the site map which I personally found easier to navigate from.

Telescope Buying Guide Are you in search of that first telescope? Maybe you're looking for a second instrument to quickly take outside after work for an hour of observing under a clear sky. Whatever your knowledge level, interest, or budget, this interactive guide will lead you to the instrument type that best suits your needs.

Bad Astronomy Phil Plait's website dedicated to debunking past, present and future misconceptions about astronomy, space, and likewise topics.

The Eclipse Chaser Homepage

The General Articles (lessons for all levels using telescope & camera) - PAS

How To Become An Astronomer - ASA

Joe's Foam Geodesic Dome: A Backyard Observatory

The Night Sky (astronomy & astrophotography tips) - FamilyEducation.com

Absolute Beginners Astronomy and Telescopes

Amateur Astronomy
(telescope use, exposure guide, gadget projects...) - Jeffrey R. Charles

Basic Astronomy

General Information About Telescopes & Observing

AAn Adventure in QuickCam Astronomy - Geoff Chester

Articles & Information - SkyShooter

Astro Cruise Articles

Astrophotography Techniques

A Basic Primer On Astrophotography

A poorman's guide to astronomical photography using a 35mm camera (and little else) - NiteLite

Panoramic and All-sky Imaging
(gadget projects, astrophotography techniques...) - Jeffrey R. Charles

Build an 8-inch "Dobsonian" Telescope - Geoff Chester

Building a Dobsonian Telescope

How to Build a Spider for Your Telescope

How to Build a Telescope - Fun Science Gallery

Astrophysics

 

Biology

Biochemistry basic chemistry, metabolism, enzymes, energy, & catalysis, large molecules, photosynthesis, pH & pKa, clinical correlates of pH, vitamins B12 and Folate, and regulation of carbohydrate metabolism

Cell Biology studying cells, mitosis, meiosis, the cell cycle, prokaryotes, eukaryotes, & viruses

Chemicals & Human Health basic toxicology, lung toxicology, environmental tobacco smoke & lung development, kidneys & metals

Developmental Biology developmental mechanisms

Human Biology DNA forensics, karyotyping, genetics, blood types, reproduction, sexually transmitted diseases

Immunology, HIV, the ELISA assay, Western blotting analysis

Mendelian Genetics monohybrid cross, dihybrid cross, sex-linked inheritance

Molecular Biology nucleic acids, genetics of prokaryotes, genetics of eukaryotes, recombinant DNA

The Journal of Cell Biology

The Biology WorkBench is a web-based tool for biologists. The WorkBench allows biologists to search many popular protein and nucleic acid sequence databases. Database searching is integrated with access to a wide variety of analysis and modeling tools, all within a point and click interface that eliminates file format compatibility problems. Enter the Biology Workbench 3.2 or Set up a free account (required, but painless)

BioMagResBank A Repository for Data from NMR Spectroscopy on Proteins, Peptides, and Nucleic Acids

Twinning The Merohedral Crystal Twinning Server

The Dictionary of Cell & Molecular Biology The third edition is bigger (7072 v. 5450 entries) and better hyperlinked (7168 v. 5772 cross-links) than the second edition; and has fewer 'dead' hyperlinks, and better display of greeks, italics, superscripts and subscripts. It is also much more up-to-date! Academic Press, London. (ISBN 0-12-432565-3).

BioExchange BioExchange.com is the leading portal for the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries. They list 125 Web Tools, 68 Free Downloads, 71 Protocols and 457 Books on their site.

Bio Netbook (Institut Pasteur) is a directory of Web pages for Biology (7821 listings).

Biology Online a choice source for biological information, ideal for homework, research projects and general interest. Moreover, check out the hundreds of related biology sites on the web, all to be found from this site.

Dictionary of Biology Check out the biology dictionary consisting of thousands of terms, working alongside the tutorials. Not sure of some terminology? Use the dictionary in conjunction with the tutorials to develop your understanding of the wording used.

Biology Tutorials Search through dozens of tutorial pages, each focusing on a various aspect of biology. Click here for the full list of tutorials.

Bio.com is "the most reliable and up-to-date information resource for those working in the life sciences and associated industries. Our editorial focus is on the technology of the life sciences. To that end, we publish daily news, information and research tools for life science professionals and students. Our content is both created in-house by our editorial staff under consultation with Bio.com’s editorial board, and aggregated from numerous reputable sources. We produce live panel discussions and one-on-one interviews with leading scientists representing the diversity of research in biology and biotechnology, topical reviews and articles on cutting-edge topics in the life sciences, the latest news from academic and industrial labs, high quality laboratory protocols, and organized collections of internet links and web-based tools resulting from our research of the leading companies and organizations involved in biotechnology. The overall aim is to aggregate, organize and deliver quality information to today’s time- and resource-pressed professional."

Chemistry

Visual Elements,, a most striking representation of the periodical table. You can click on the element you are interested in to find a full description of that element plus useful physical property data.

ChemWeb Access is via free registration although many of the journals and databases are charged for. However members can get access to Beilstein Abstracts, a bibliographic database on organic chemistry, the alchemist newsletter, ChemDec Plus, which is an augmented version of ChemDex, conference information and, from time-to-time, free ejournals.

The WWW Virtual Library: Chemical Engineering This subject catalog lists information resources relevant to Chemical and Process Engineering..

Coblentz Society is a non-profit organisation whose purpose is to foster the understanding and application of vibrational spectroscopy.

Arizona State University (ASU) Libraries Index to Physical, Chemical & other Property Data This site is an index to selected ASU Noble Science and Engineering Library and internet resources. These resources contain chemical, physical, thermodynamic, toxicological and safety data.

Chemfinder The site indexes many hundreds of Web sites that contains free chemical and spectroscopic data. It is possible to search the site using CAS Registry numbers, the most effective means of searching for any chemical substance. The site offers a much quicker alternative to the large search engines such as Lycos or Hotbot.

NIST Chemistry WebBook contains an extensive collection of thermodynamic and spectral data.

Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening This site covers, libraries, societies, database suppliers, listservs, publications, and other resources of interest in the field of combinatorial chemistry.

ECOTOX Database This free database from the US EPA provides single toxicity information for aquatic and terrestrial life. The ECOTOXicology database (ECOTOX) is a source for locating single chemical toxicity data from three U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) ecological effects databases; AQUIRE, TERRETOX, and PHYTOTOX.

Pharma-lexicon This site has the world's largest online database of pharmaceutical and medical abbreviations - over 56,000 and growing. The resource is free to use, allowing people to instantly look up meanings for acronyms and abbreviations from the fields of medicine, pharmacy, biotechnology, agrochemicals, healthcare and more. Also includes a searchable database of Pharmaceutical Companies and lists of hospitals, schools of pharmacy, journals, health ministries and more.

Green Chemistry Starting from Spring 1999, a bi-monthly journal covering all the chemical aspects of clean technology.

The Historical Chemical Information Service has over 3,000 historical chemistry books from the 16th to 19th centuries and 8,000 historical images dating back to the 16th century in its collection. Over 2,000 of these images have now been digitized and can be viewed via the LIC on-line catalogue.

The RSC Historical Group is a very active subject group of the RSC. This page contains many useful links including Biographies of Chemists.

Biographies of famous chemists An extensive list of over 200 important chemists compiled by the University of Liverpool. The biographies are referenced from many sources, especially from The Nobel Foundation.

Chemical Heritage Foundation (CHF) is a joint venture between the American Chemical Society and the American Institute of Chemical Engineers CHF was set up in 1982 and is one of the most important information and educational resources dedicated to the history of chemistry and molecular sciences.

Classic Chemistry is an extensive site maintained by Carmen Giunta at Le Moyne College. It includes selected papers from the history of chemistry and a historical calendar of events ("This week in the history of chemistry")

ELEMENTARY CHEMISTRY FOR SCIENCE SCHOOLS AND CLASSES a well written short chemistry book for secondary school students, typical of its time. (written in about 1890).

ACD Structure Drawing Applet 1.30 from ACD Labs. this is a platform-independent, chemically intelligent tool for composing chemical structures and substructure queries in a Java-enabled Internet browser.

ChemDraw Net 6.0 and Chem3D Plugin Net 4.0 provided by CambridgeSoft Corp. ChemDraw is a full featured chemistry drawing tool, Chem3D plugin is similar to Chime and RasMol, can display a wide range of 3D file formats with a number of display styles. The plugins are available at three 'levels' ranging from the full 'Pro' version down to the freely downloadable ChemDraw Net version.

Chime 2.6 can be used for reading .pdb files, a format used for representing molecules from the Protein Data Bank, Chime can also read many other popular molecule formats as well as the JCAMP-DX spectral display format. JCAMP-DX originally came from the Univeristy of the West Indies, Mona and is now licensed to MDL Information Systems, Inc. for further information go to their download page. There are reports of problems installing Chime 2.0 under MS I.E.5, click here for a fix.

ChemSymphony ChemSymphony Beans Lite which is a pre-compiled applet for viewing structures on the WWW. Older versions of Netscape / I.E. may require J.D.K. 1.1 to run these applets. If you are not an expert, do use caution as J.D.K. can have security problems, for more info visit Securing Java.

Cosmo Player can be for viewing .vrml files, Virtual Reality Markup Language, used for more advanced molecular representation, was orginally available from Silicon Graphics.

Marvin Sketch and Marvin View The Marvin package from ChemAxon consists of two main Java applets: Marvin Sketch for editing and Marvin View for viewing molecules on a web page.

RasMol downloadable from the MultiCHEM Facility, University of California, Berkeley. This plugin is used for viewing .pdb files on a PC running Windows (no Mac version available). RasMol is similar to Chime, but greying a little around the edges, but it can also be used as a standalone .pdb viewer. The original source of RasMol was GlaxoWellcome, it can also be obtained from a mirror in the United States

WebLab Viewer this desktop 3D molecular visualization and communication software from Accelrys Inc. can be configured as a browser helper application and can also be used for displaying structures distributed over the WWW.

Software

 

Climatology

Careers in meteorology What meteorologists do and how to become a meteorologist.

Weather projects for schools Outdoor weather projects for the 14-16 age group.

Simple Weather Measurements Guidance for those thinking of setting up a weather station at school or at home.

Glossary of 100 Common Weather Words A glossary of weather-related words. Intended mainly for children aged 7 to 12 or 13.

Rainbow Weather magazines for primary and secondary schools.

Education material for primary schools Exercises, weather as a hazard features and other material for children aged 11 or less.

Education material for secondary schools Exercises, weather as a hazard features and other material for students aged 11 to 18.

Students and Teachers: Units of work, experiments school projects, brochures, web pages etc.

Bad Meteorology By bad meteorology, I do not mean bad weather. This page is about intellectual disasters, not weather disasters. This page is prepared by Alistair B. Fraser who retains copyright to the material (unless otherwise acknowledged). However, as the object of the material is educational --- to replace bad science with good science.

"Weather Dude"^®   weather education site especially for kids, parents and teachers from
national TV meteorologist Nick Walker.

CLIMVIS An interactive application that lets you graph and downline data from the world's weather data archive. Available data includes National Weather Surface daily summaries for 16 weather elements, global daily summaries of 12 weather elements, climate division precipitation, temperature and drought data, and Global Historical Climate Network (GHCN) precipitation data.

Climate FAQS There are five FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions) documents about climate here. They deal with CLIMAP and the reconstruction of the climate of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), the basics of climate, the effects of CO2 (carbon dioxide) on climate, suggestions for reading about climate, and the possible effects of climate change on sea level. These are all very good summaries for those wishing to learn more about such things.

Global Hydrology and Climate Center A project to study the global water cycle and its effect on climate.

Meterological Data Sources FAQ Ilana Stern's periodically released two-part guide contains links to many sources of meteorological and climatological data.

Carbon Dioxide Information and Analysis Center (CDIAC) An archive containing data pertaining to atmospheric and climate change. Examples include CO2 concentration, sea level change, land and sea surface temperatures, etc. A hierarchical and more detailed listing of the contents is also available.

National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) This contains information about how to obtain snow and ice data from both the present and the past.

CIESIN Global Change Information Network The Consortium for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN) was created to address environmental management issues. It's mission is to facilitate access to, use and understanding of global change information world wide.

International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) The International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) was established in 1982 as part of the World Climate Research Program (WCRP) to collect weather satellite radiance measurements and to analyze them to infer the global distribution of clouds, their properties, and their diurnal, seasonal and interannual variations. The resulting datasets and analysis products are being used to study the role of clouds in climate , both their effects on radiative energy exchanges and their role in the global water cycle

Computer sciences

Artificial Intelligence

What is Artificial Intelligence? By John McCarthy. Computer Science Department, Stanford University. One of the founders of the field of AI, McCarthy covers the basics in a question and answer format.

• Also see A Proposal for the Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence which introduces the term, artificial intelligence.

Artificial Intelligence (AI). BBC Hot Topics - The science behind the news (July 21, 2003). "In the film Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines, a computer program tries to take over the world. Is this just science fiction, or could it really happen? Find out how close we really are to creating machines that can think for themselves in our Hot Topic on artificial intelligence (AI)."

21st-Century AI - Proud, Not Smug. By Tim Menzies. IEEE Intelligent Systems (May/June 2003). "AI is no longer a bleeding-edge technology -- hyped by its proponents and mistrusted by the mainstream. In the 21st century, AI is not necessarily amazing. Rather, it's often routine. Evidence for AI technology's routine and dependable nature abounds...."

It's Alive! - From airport tarmacs to online job banks to medical labs, artificial intelligence is everywhere. By Jennifer Kahn. Wired (March 2002/10.03). "In truth, we may never chat up a  computer at a cocktail party. But in smaller yet significant ways, artificial intelligence is already here: in the cruise control of cars, the servers that route our email, and the personalized ads clogging our browser windows. The future is all around us."

Robots/ Mechanical Life. NPR Talk of the Nation: Science Friday With Ira Flatow (August 30, 2002). "This week, an automated convenience store opened in Washington. This robo-mart dispenses snacks, toiletries, and even DVDs. From housekeeping to the battlefield to your neighborhood convenience store, researchers are creating robots to live with us and work for us. In this hour, we'll look at how robots may change our lives. Plus, early attempts to create mechanical life." Guests: Rodney Brooks & Gaby Wood. You can listen to the radio broadcast by clicking here.

Smart Tools - Companies in health care, finance, and retailing are using artificial-intelligence systems to filter huge amounts of data and identify suspicious transactions. By Otis Port, with Michael Arndt and John Carey. Business Week's 2003 edition of The BusinessWeek50. "Some managers still think that artificial intelligence--the decades-long effort to create computer systems with human-like smarts--has been a big flop. But executives at most companies on the BW50 list know better. Artificial intelligence (AI) is often a crucial ingredient in their stellar performance. In fact, AI is now a part of a swath of industries as broad as the BW50 itself."

Artificial Intelligence. "Leading scientists join Professor Colin Blakemore for a live and topical debate to discuss The Next Big Thing in science. This week [March 15, 2002], the panel looks at the issue of Artificial Intelligence. In the 21st century, A.I. is gradually moving more and more into people's everyday lives, especially as the interest in computers and computer games grows. New Artificial Intelligence advancements are constantly becoming available - so who knows what the future might bring? Find out how Artificial Intelligence came to the forefront of scientific debate in 'story so far.' Understand the science behind the subject in 'a.i. in depth.' Consider the opinions of eminent scientists in 'hear the arguments.'" -from Open2.NET, the home of Open University broadcasts on the BBC.

• The Vega Science Trust offers the video of this event online and without charge. (They have given it the title: Machines with Minds.)

Introduction to the Science of Artificial Intelligence. By Tim Dunn, Adam Dyess, Bill Snitzer. An award-winning site created by students for Thinkquest, an organization that promotes web learning. Especially well suited for high school students and teachers.

A Chat about the Future of Artificial Intelligence with Professor James Hendler. Provided by CNN. Interview date: December 16, 1999. Very lively and very informative!

What is Artificial Intelligence? By Aaron Sloman. Computer Science Department, University of Birmingham, UK. A very crisp & clear tour of the AI landscape.

Artificial Intelligence. By David B. Leake Indiana University. [To appear, Van Nostrand Scientific Encyclopedia, Ninth Edition, Wiley, New York, 2002.] "Artificial intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science that studies the computational requirements for tasks such as perception, reasoning, and learning, and develops systems to perform those tasks. AI is a diverse field whose researchers address a wide range of problems, use a variety of methods, and pursue a spectrum of scientific goals."

A chart from Bruce Buchanan showing how AI relates to other areas of computing.

Artificial Intelligence Tutorial Review. Developed and compiled by Eyal Reingold and Jonathan Nightingale of the University of Toronto. "This review has been designed with the expectation that its readers are new to the area, and care is taken to explain concepts fully. The review should provide an interesting and accessible introduction for beginners, but may be somewhat redundant for readers with more background in the area. Nevertheless, more advanced readers may find interesting links and demonstrations throughout the review."

AI's Greatest Trends and Controversies. IEEE Intelligent Systems (January/February 2000) A timely and thought provoking collection of views from AI scholars and practitioners. (Also available in pdf.)

Timeline of Computer History. From The Computer Museum History Center. "This timeline explores the history of computing from 1945 to 1990. Each year features illustrated descriptions of significant innovations in hardware and software technology, as well as milestones in areas such as commercial applications and artificial intelligence. When appropriate, biographical sketches of the pioneers responsible for the advances are included."

A Career in Artificial Intelligence. From New Scientist Graduate. "Until Steven Spielberg's movie came along, the two things that spring to mind when most people heard the term AI were artificial insemination or very crude robot brains. But slowly artificial intelligence is making its way into the mainstream and the process is drawing in graduates from a many fields as its full potential begins to dawn."

Strategic Directions in Artificial Intelligence. By Jon Doyle and Thomas Dean (1996). ACM Computing Surveys 28 (4): 653-670. "Abstract: This report, written for the general computing and scientific audience and for students and others interested in artificial intelligence, summarizes the major directions in artificial intelligence research, sets them in context relative to other areas of computing research, and gives a glimpse of the vision, depth, research partnerships, successes, and excitement of the field."

Constructions of the Mind: Artificial Intelligence and the Humanities. "A special issue edited by Stefano Franchi and Guven Guzeldere The Volume 4, issue 2 [Spring 1995] of the Stanford Humanities Review is devoted to the exploration of convergences and dissonances between Artificial Intelligence and the Humanities." More than a dozen full-text articles await you at this site!

IBM gets smart about Artificial Intelligence. By Pamela Kramer. IBM Think Research (June 2001). Computer vision, data mining, natural language, and more are covered in this article.

A.I.: From the Big Screen to the Real World. By Kristin Leutwyler. Scientific American (July 2, 2001). "As an exercise in honor of the new movie, Scientific American decided to go back to the present -- and our own recent past -- and recast A.I. with real scientists and robots from today."

Computational Intelligence - A Logical Approach. By David Poole, Alan Mackworth and Randy Goebel. 1998. Oxford University Press, New York. "Our theory is based on logic. Logic has been developed over the centuries as a formal (that is, precise not obtuse) way of representing assumptions about a world and the process of deriving the consequences of those assumptions. For simple agents in simple worlds we start with a highly restricted simple logic. Then as our agent/environment requires, we increase the logical power of the formalism. Since a computer is simply a symbol-manipulation engine, we can easily map our formal theories into computer programs that can control an agent or be used to reason about an agent. Everything we describe is implemented that way." From the Preface, which is available online.

Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (Second Edition). A textbook by Stuart Russell and Peter Norvig. The Preface and several chapters are available online, as is their collection of AI Resources on the Web.

Herbert Simon: Interviewed June 1994, by Doug Stewart. Omni Magazine. One of the many probing questions is: "What is this the main goal of AI?

Artificial Intelligentsia - Proselytizers of a future in which smart machines reign have not lost the faith. By Gary Stix. Scientific American (October 30, 2000). "To mark the opening of a new computer center that bears the name of AI pioneers Alan Newell and Herbert Simon, the university held a one-day conference on October 19th that brought together experts from inside and outside the university (including Arthur C. Clarke, if only in video presence). Their mission: to answer the question of whether computers would help or hinder the building of a good world in the year 2050."

HAL's Legacy: 2001's Computer as Dream and Reality. David G. Stork, editor.(1997). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Compares the book/movie computer celebrity with what has been achieved in AI.

Computing Machinery and Intelligence. By Alan M. Turing (1950). Mind 59 (Oct 1950): 433-60. ["Originally published by Oxford University Press on behalf of MIND (the Journal of the Mind Association), vol. LIX, no. 236, pp. 433-60, 1950. Published on the abelard site by permission of Oxford University Press."] An all-time classic paper that discusses the prospects of AI and dismisses some still-current arguments against AI.

Compilers

Catalog of Free Compilers and Interpreters. This list catalogues freely available software for language tools, which includes the following: compilers, compiler generators, interpreters, translators, important libraries, assemblers, etc. -- things whose user interface is a language. Natural language processing tools may also be included.

compilers.net  Search engine and directory on compilers. ... once a month you will receive latest updates on new links, tutorials, free compilers and new sections on our site.

Comp.compilers is a moderated usenet news group addressing the topics of compilers in particular and programming language design and implementation in general. It started in 1986 as a moderated mailing list, but interest quickly grew to the point where it was promoted to a news group. Recent topics have included optimization techniques, language design issues, announcements of new compiler tools, and book reviews.

Compilers and Compiler Generators an introduction with C++ © P.D. Terry, Rhodes University, 1996. This site provides an on-line edition of the text and other material from my book "Compilers and Compiler Generators - an introduction with C++", published in 1997 by International Thomson Computer Press. The original edition is now out of print.

Computer Architecture the science and art of selecting and interconnecting hardware components to create computers that meet functional, performance and cost goals. Computer architecture is not about using computers to design buildings.

COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE TUTORIAL BBy Gurpur M. Prabhu. This [online] tutorial introduces undergraduate students to computer architecture concepts of caches and pipelining . It contains examples, interactive applets and some problems with solutions to illustrate basic ideas. For more information on the topics the interested reader is referred to "Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach", second edition, by D.A.Patterson and J.L.Hennessy.

CPU Info Center. Information on specific processors, including technical papers, product information, and latest announcements.

Intel Developer's Page. Intel's Web page for developers; provides a starting point for accessing Pentium information.

ACM Special Interest Group on Computer Architecture. Information on SIGARCH activities and publications, good set of useful links.

Instruction-Level Simulation And Tracing

A Processor Based Classification of the Instrumentation and Simulation Tools - a summary of the many tools available for simulation and instrumentation.

Tools, Simulators & Benchmarks

Computer Architecture Letters

The Journal of Instruction-Level Parallelism

PCI Special Interest Group Information about PCI specifications and products.

T10 Home Page. T10 is a Technical Committee of the National Committee on Information Technology Standards and is responsible for lower-level interfaces. Its principal work is the Small Computer System Interface (SCSI).

Review of Operating Systems A comprehensive review of commerical, free, research and hobby OSs.

ACM Special Interest Group on Operating Systems. Information on SIGOPS publications and conferences.

Gavin's Guide to 80x86 Assembly. A good, concise overview of x86 assembler language.

The Art of Assembly Language Programming. A 1500-page on-line mega-book on the subject. Should be enough for any student of the subject.

IMPACT. This is a site at the University of Illinois, where much of the research on predicated execution has been done. A number of papers on the subject are available.

Journal of Instruction-Level Parallelism. A web-first, paper-based journal of refereed papers.

Digital Logic Home Page Diagrams of circuits.

Computer Theory

Matroid Theory. Matroids are an abstraction of several combinatorial objects, among them graphs and matrices. The word matroid was coined by Whitney in 1935 in his landmark paper "On the abstract properties of linear dependence". In defining a matroid Whitney tried to capture the fundamental properties of dependence that are common to graphs and matrices. Simple matroids, that is matroids without loops and parallel elements, are frequently called combinatorial geometries. Matroid theory provides a framework in which problems in combinatorial optimization, operations research and graph theory become simpler to understand.

The Hamiltonion Page. This page intends to be a comprehensive listing of papers, source code, preprints, technical reports, etc, available on the Internet about the Hamiltonian Cycle and Hamiltonian Path Problems as well as some associated problems.

A compendium of NP Optimization Problems by P. Crescenzi and V. Kahn. This is a continuously updated catalog of approximability results for NP optimization problems. The compendium is also a part of the book Complexity and Approximation. The compendium has not been updated for a while, so there might exist recent results that are not mentioned in the compendium.

Analysis of Algorithms Home Page by P. Flajolet and H. Prodinger. Analysis of Algorithms (AofA) is a field in computer science whose overall goal is an understanding of the complexity of algorithms. While an extremely large amount of research is devoted to worst-case evaluations, the focus in these pages is methods for average-case and probabilistic analysis. Properties of random strings, permutations, trees, and graphs are thus essential ingredients in the analysis of algorithms.

Probabilistic Checking of Proofs and Hardness of Approximation Problems by Sanjeev Arora.

Hacking

Nmap ("Network Mapper") is a free open source utility for network exploration or security auditing. It was designed to rapidly scan large networks, although it works fine against single hosts. Nmap uses raw IP packets in novel ways to determine what hosts are available on the network, what services (application name and version) they are offering, what operating system (and OS version) they are running, what type of packet filters/firewalls are in use, and dozens of other characteristics. Nmap runs on most types of computers and both console and graphical versions are available. Nmap is free software, available with full source code under the terms of the GNU GPL.

Top 75 Security Tools Anyone in the security field would be well advised to go over the list and investigate tools they are unfamiliar with. The list is slightly biased toward "attack" tools rather than defensive ones.

Bugtraq -- Arguably the most important Internet security list. Vulnerabilities are often announced here first, so check frequently! Current month | Archived posts

Penetration Testing -- While this list is intended for "professionals", participants frequenly disclose techniques and strategies that would be useful to anyone with a practical interest in security and network auditing. Current month | Archived posts

Vulnerability Development -- A moderated list for discussing possible security issues. Sometimes offers interesting insights. Current month | Archived posts

Info Security News -- Carries news items (generally from mainstream sources) that relate to security. Current month | Archived posts | About list

VulnWatch -- A non-discussion, non-patch, all-vulnerability announcement list supported and run by a community of volunteer moderators distributed around the world. Current quarter | Archived posts | About list

VulnDiscuss -- This sister-list of VulnWatch allows for discussions about new vulnerabilities. Current month | Archived posts | About list

Security Basics -- A high-volume list which permits people to ask "stupid questions" without being derided as "n00bs". About list

IDS Focus -- Technical discussion about Intrusion Detection Systems. You can also read the archives of a previous IDS list Current month | Archived posts | About list

Firewall Wizards -- Firewall administrator discussions Current month | Archived posts | About list

Incidents -- Lightly moderated list for discussing actual security incidents (unexplained probes, breakins, etc). Topics include information about new rootkits, backdoors, trojans, virii, and worms. Current month | Archived posts | About list

Full Disclosure -- An unmoderated high-traffic forum for disclosure of security information. Fresh vulnerabilities sometimes hit this list many hours before they pass through the Bugtraq moderation queue. The relaxed atmosphere of this quirky list provides some comic relief and certain industry gossip. Unfortunately 80% of the posts are worthless so finding the gems takes patience. Current month | Archived posts | About list

MS Sec Notification -- Beware that MS often uses these security bulletins as marketing propaganda to downplay serious vulnerabilities in their products -- note how most have a prominent and often-misleading "mitigating factors" section. Current quarter | Archived posts | About list

Web App Security -- Provides insights on the unique challenges which make web applications notoriously hard to secure. Current quarter | Archived posts | About list

Honeypots -- Discussions about tracking attackers by setting up decoy honeypots or entire honeynet networks. Current quarter | Archived posts | About list

Nmap Hackers -- Moderated list for announcements, patches, and light discussion regarding the Nmap Security Scanner and related projects. Archived posts | About list

Nmap Development -- Unmoderated technical development forum for debating ideas, patches, and suggestions regarding proposed changes to Nmap and related projects. Current quarter | Archived posts | About list

The Hacker Howto. This excellent essay by Eric Raymond (ESR) gives very insightful instruction on how to become a respected member of the hacker community.

The Risks of Key Recovery, Key Escrow, and Trusted Third-Party Encryption A great paper released 27 May 1997 by several of the biggest names in encryption and computer security, including Steven Bellovin, Matt Blaze, Whitfield Diffie, and John Gilmore. This describes exactly why we aren't going to let the government backdoor our crypto programs.

Smashing The Stack For Fun And Profit AA great paper on buffer overflows by Aleph One. It is from Phrack49.

Mudge's tutorial on writing Buffer overflows. Another good paper.

IP hijacking paper A paper by Laurent Joncheray on the workings of IP hijacking.

The Hacker Crackdown A truly excellent book by Bruce Sterling about the early hackers. Mr. Sterling kindly (and much to the dismay of his publisher) decided to release the book freely over the internet.

Approaching Zero Another hacker book in electronic form. This one is about British phreaks.

Security Problems in the TCP/IP Protocol Suite An old but very interesting (and sadly, still applicable in many ways) paper by Steven Bellovin himself.

Them and Us:Chapter 6 of Paul Taylor's hacker book (basically publishing his dissertation)

cifs.txt *Hobbit*'s excellent CIFS insecurities paper.

Hacker Encyclopedia This is a huge compendium of hacker/computer/science fiction information written by Logic Bomb. It is not word wrapped, so you will probably want to read it with vi or emacs rather than netscape

Tamperproof Smart Cards This is a very interesting paper by Ross J. Anderson <[email protected]> It brings up a number of very interesting issues about defeating smart card security.

Murphy's Law and Computer Security A paper by Wietse Venema which details many often overlooked aspects of computer security and program bugs. This paper is loaded with examples.

Insertion, Evasion, and Denial of Service: Eluding Network Intrusion Detection A classic apper by Thomas Ptacek and Timothy Newsham on techniques for evading Intrusion Detection Systems. This was written in '98, but much of it still rings true in '01 :( . [PDF version]

Securityfocus.com -- An excellent (commercial) site run by Aleph1 and others. They host Bugtraq (the Internet's most important security list), a vast collection of security tools, and an up-to-date vulnerability database. They also provide timely news.

Etext archives --A huge archive of electronic books, zines, etc.

Hackers.com -- One of the prettiest hacker sites in existance. You will also find plenty of useful content if you dig through it.

Networking 

Overview of Networking has two sections. The first describes the networking capabilities of the Java platform that you may already be using without realizing that you are using the network. The second provides a brief overview of networking to familiarize you with terms and concepts that you should understand before reading how to use URLs, sockets, and datagrams.

Working with URLs discusses how your Java programs can use URLs to access information on the Internet. A URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is the address of a resource on the Internet. Your Java programs can use URLs to connect to and retrieve information over a network. This lesson provides a more complete definition of a URL and shows you how to create and parse a URL, how to open a connection to a URL, and how to read from and write to that connection.

All About Sockets explains how to use sockets so that your programs can communicate with other programs on the network. A socket is one endpoint of a two-way communication link between two programs running on the network. This lesson shows you how a client can connect to a standard server, the Echo server, and communicate with it via a socket. It then walks you through the details of a complete client/server example, which shows you how to implement both the client side and the server side of a client/server pair.

All About Datagrams takes you step by step through a simple client/server example that uses datagrams to communicate. It then challenges you to rewrite the example using multicast socket instead.

Home Networking - It Ain't Easy Home networking offers a lot of choices. Here are some pitfalls to avoid and some advice. "Patience and persistence is required constantly."

How to Setup a Simple Two-Computer Home Network Start with this page to learn the beginning steps in setting up a very simple home network.

Network Your Home Improve the flexibility and power of home PC equipment by following the directions in this "starter kit".

Home Networking FAQ The HomePCnetwork Frequently Asked Questions list addresses the basics of hardware, software, and planning.

How Home Networking Works Learn about Ethernet home networking but also phone line, power line, and wireless options. Look at examples of securely sharing files, printers, and Net connections.

Security

Providing Your Own Security Manager describes what a security manager is and how to write a customized security manager for your applications. For general information about the security features provided by the JDK, refer to Security in Java 2 SDK 1.2.

Neural Networks

Official Journal of the International Neural Network Society, European Neural Network Society & Japanese Neural Network Society Neural Networks is an international journal appearing nine times each year that publishes original research and review articles concerned with the modeling of brain and behavioral processes and the application of these models to computer and related technologies. Models aimed at the explanation and prediction of biological data and models aimed at the solution of technological problems are both solicited, as are mathematical and computational analyses of both types of models. Neural Networks serves as a central, interdisciplinary publication for all researchers in the field and its editors represent a range of fields including psychology, neurobiology, mathematics, physics, computer science, and engineering.

AI Education Repository: Neural Networks: Outline Outline of Neural Networks from the Artificial Intelligence Education Repository.

AI Education Repository: Neural Networks: Tutorials Links to Tutorials on Neural Networks from the Artificial Intelligence Education Repository.

An Introduction to Neural Networks Introductory paper by Kevin Gurney. Includes sections about multilayer networks and Hopfield networks.

An Introduction to Artificial Neural Networks Technology Introductory paper by Data & Analysis Centre for Software. Includes an introduction, history overview and how-to-use sections.

AI Intelligence: AI Technologies Use this section of the AI Information Bank if you want: A short, non-technical introduction explaining the key ideas behind an AI technology; To know what tools there are for using it; To know what products there are that employ it; To know which companies offer services associated with it.

An Introduction to Neural Networks Prof. Leslie Smith. Centre for Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience. Department of Computing and Mathematics. University of Stirling. This document is a roughly HTML-ised version of a talk given at the NSYN meeting in Edinburgh, Scotland, on 28 February 1996, then updated a few times in response to comments received.

Object-oriented technologies 

Object-oriented technologies can either confuse you or make you successful. It depends on your approach to using them and your understanding of the ultimate goal of object-oriented (OO) languages. The ultimate goal of OO languages is reuse and application development modularization. As a programmer, you can improve your chances for success dramatically by approaching each application development task in terms of looking at the classes and functions that have already been written; so much has been written especially in C and C++ that all you will ever have to focus on in your application development are the parts of your application that are specific to your industry, and even then it is quite possible to find classes that have been developed for your industry.

A Formative Evaluation of Scenario-Based Tools for Learning Object-Oriented Design by Hope D. Harley, Cheryl D. Seals, Mary Beth Rosson. Advances in computing have awakened a century old teaching philosophy: learner-centered education. This philosophy is founded on the premise that people learn best when engrossed in the topic, participating in activities that motivate learning and help them to synthesize their own understanding. We consider how the object-oriented design (OOD) learning tools developed by Rosson and Carroll facilitate active learning of this sort. We observed sixteen students as they worked through a set of user interaction scenarios about a blackjack game. We discuss how the features of these learning tools influenced the students' efforts to learn the basic constructs of OOD.

Object Orientation Tips a free service devoted to object oriented technologies. The purpose of ootips is to allow developers to keep up-to-date with object oriented technologies, without having to read through high volume, low signal-to-noise sources.

The Journal of Object-Oriented Programming was founded in 1987, and continued to publish through the fall of 2001. 101communications and Application Development Trends offer you here a sampling of some of these key documents from the history of object-oriented programming. Also available are some select items from the highly acclaimed C++ Report.

The Object-Oriented Page by Ricardo Devis. You will find here a lot of links to object-oriented info, as well as comments on object-oriented books, products, object databases, articles, etc.

Programming

• C++
• Haskell
• Lambda Prolog
• Scheme
• Smalltalk
• Standard ML (SML)

The Cecil page at the University of Washington. Cecil is a pure object-oriented language intended to support rapid construction of high-quality, extensible software. Cecil combines multi-methods with a simple object model, module-based encapsulation, and optional static type checking.

The Elf Meta-Language page at Carnegie Mellon. Elf is a constraint logic programming language based on the LF Logical Framework. It is intended as a uniform meta-language for specifying, implementing, and proving properties of programming languages and logics.

Functional languages FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions)

The Haskell FAQ, language definition, and tutorial. Haskell is a polymorphic lazy functional language with overloading.

The Fudget library is a toolkit for concurrent programming of graphical user interfaces, client/servers and more in Haskell. It is implemented in a purely functional way in Haskell, without using state, threads or other extensions for concurrency or imperative programming.

The Java White Paper at Sun. Java is an object-oriented, distributed, robust, secure, architecture neutral, multithreaded, and dynamic language.

LISP is a family of dynamically typed functional languages. Common LISP has a rich set of data types and operations and an object-oriented programming facility (CLOS).

• Common Lisp: The Language by Guy Steele. 
• Common LISP repository
• An introduction to Common LISP.

The Mercury page at the University of Melbourne. Mercury is a purely declarative logic programming language that is strongly typed and strongly moded and features a module system and determinism declarations.

The NESL page at Carnegie Mellon. NESL is a mostly functional data-parallel language loosely based on ML. It has polymorphic types, a limited form of higher-order functions, a built-in performance model, and supports nested parallelism.

The Occam Archive at Oxford. Occam is a parallel computing language based on CSP.

The Sather page at Berkeley. Sather in an object-oriented language with parameterized classes, strong static typing, multiple inheritance, higher-order functions, and exception handling.

The Scheme Repository at Indiana, and a short introduction to Scheme. Scheme is a dialect of LISP that stresses conceptual elegance and simplicity.

The Standard ML page at Carnegie Mellon. A functional language with static polymorphic typing and parameterized modules. Dialects of ML include Caml and Objective Caml

• A Gentle Introduction to ML
• ML Syntax (also in graphical form).

Recycling Computers & Components

Computer Disposal Report (PDF Format) This paper was mentioned in an article in the New York Times on Thursday March 12, 1998. You can read an online version of this article.

Eastern Smelting and Refining processes millions of pounds of precious metal bearing materials annually. Gold, Silver, Palladium, and Platinum are recovered from printed circuit boards, integrated circuits and other components. 

ECS Refining

Fox Electronics

Software engineering

Software Engineering Archives These are the World-Wide Web archives for USENET newsgroup comp.software-eng, including the Frequently-Asked Questions (FAQ) postings. Please read our disclaimers. This archive is mirrored at the University of Technology Vienna, Austria; the master copy is at the School of Computing of Queen's University at Kingston, Canada.

Software Engineering, 6th ed. Several sections of the book are available as PDF downloads including the Preface, the Contents, Chapter 1: An Introduction and Chapter 12: Object-oriented Design. There is also a great deal of supplemental material on this site for owners of this title. See also: Software Engineering, 5th ed., Requirements Engineering: Processes and Techniques, and Requirements Engineering: A Good Practice Guide.

Software Engineering Body of Knowledge project 

Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET)

• ABET Accreditation Criteria for engineering Programs

Computing Curriculum 2001

• Computer Science Volume
• Software Engineering (CCSE)

ACM Curricula Recommendations

Guidelines for Software Engineering Education, Version 1.0, CMU/SEI-99-TR-032

Computing Science Accreditation Board (CSAB)

IS’97 Model Curriculum and Guidelines forUndergraduate Degree Programs in Information Systems

Specification for an Introductory Software Engineering Curriculum

Links to undergraduate Software Engineering programs

A Software Engineering Body of Knowledge, Version 1.0, CMU/SEI-99-TR-004

IEEE-CS/ACM Guide to the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge (SWEBOK)

• SWEBOK, Version 1.0 (trial version)

Software Engineering Professionalism Website

Software Engineering Code of Ethics and Professional Practice(Version 5.2)

ITiCSE Working Group on Support for Teaching and Learning Formal Methods 

TSP Information

Formal Methods Resources

Software Testing Resources

CS Education Resources

CS Education Research Resources

Software Engineering Institute (SEI)

ACM Special Interest Group on Software Engineering (SIGSOFT)

ACM Special Interest Group in Computer Science Education (SIGCSE)

IEEE Computer Society (IEEE-CS)

IEEE-CS Technical Committee on Software Engineering (TCSE)  

IEEE Computer Society Certified Software Development Professional (CSDP) Program

Definitions (SE, CS, CE)

Andrew Tanebaum's 1997 SIGCSE talk: TEN GOLDEN RULES FOR TEACHING COMPUTER SCIENCE

Systems Analyst

BLS Employment Outlook Systems analysts solve computer problems and enable computer technology to meet individual needs of an organization. They help an organization realize the maximum benefit from its investment in equipment, personnel, and business processes. As computer applications expand, systems analysts, computer scientists, and database administrators are projected to be the among the fastest growing occupations. Relevant work experience and a bachelor's degree are prerequisites for many jobs; for more complex jobs, a graduate degree is preferred.

What Does A Systems Analyst Really Do?

Systems Analysis Want Ads 

Systems Development Life Cycle 

Overview of the Products of the SDLC phases 

Systems Analysis Deliverables 

Process-Oriented vs. Data-Oriented Analysis 

Systems Development for Different IS Types 

Systems Theory 

What is a System? 

Systems Development Methodology 

Principia Cybernetica: What is Systems Analysis? 

The Philosophy of Systems Analysis: Extreme Programming (XP) 

Managing User Expectations 

The King's Companion 

A Business Perspective of Analysis 

Understanding The Aspects Of The Customer And Resolving Differences Between Customer Expectations And Vendor's Ability And Scope To Complete The Project 

The Effective Methodology for System Requirement Analysis 

Negotiating Contracts 

Conflict Resolution in Project Management 

Selecting Information Technology Projects

Joint Applications Design 

Methodologies.com 

Selected Methodologies on the Web 

Incorporation Of Joint Application Design (JAD) In Systems Requirement Determination 

Joint Application Development (JAD) 

Systems Development Methodology Books 

Methodology.org 

Modern RAD 

Guide to Collection and Use of Past Performance Information 

IT Methodologies on the Web 

Software Acquisition Guidelines

Viruses

How Computer Viruses Work by Marshall Brain. Computer viruses are mysterious and grab our attention. On the one hand, viruses show us how vulnerable we are. A properly engineered virus can have an amazing effect on the worldwide Internet. On the other hand, they show how sophisticated and interconnected human beings have become.

Computer Virus FAQs USEnet faqs

VMyths.com Vmyths traces its roots to a "Computer Virus Myths treatise" first published in 1988. It evolved into the critically acclaimed "Computer Virus Myths home page" in 1995, then it moved to Vmyths.com in 2000. Its name has changed over the years, but Vmyths remains true to its original goal: the eradication of computer virus hysteria. Vmyths tells the truth about computer virus hysteria. We take no prisoners; we pull no punches. Vmyths refuses antivirus ads in order to maintain its independence, and a legal contract separates our editorial department from our advertising department.

Name That Worm - How Computer Viruses Get Their Names By Jay Lyman, NewsFactor Network January 8, 2002. Experts said virus writers almost always name their worms or offer clues as to what they want them named, and virus researchers almost always choose something else

Electronics

Engineering

 

Forensics

Geology

Mathematics

General

 

Algebra

Algebra Flash! It is difficult to decide whether this is a lesson on algebra that uses Flash or a lesson on Flash that uses algebra. It was the result of two lessons close to the end of the 1999-2000 school year. The aim was to illustrate the different ways that a web-based algebra lesson could be made interactive.

Algebra Huge list of links - some which work, others...

Abstract Algebra

Algebra: Abstract and Concrete by Frederick M. Goodman. This text is an introduction to modern or abstract algebra for undergraduate students.  The book addresses the conventional topics:  groups, rings, and fields, with symmetry as a unifying theme.  This subject matter is central and ubiquitous in modern mathematics and in applications ranging from quantum physics to digital communications.

Abstract Algebra Huge list of links - some which work, others...

Analysis

Analysis WebNotes is divided up into chapters and each chapter is subdivided into classes. Use the index of chapters to get an overview of the whole of WebNotes, or to search for a topic. Use the indexes by class or of numbered results (theorems, lemmas, etc) to search for a topic you already know the location of.

Bessel Functions This graphics tool essentially plots Bessel functions of all integral orders. What it actually plots are the Taylor's series and the asymptotic series simultaneously. The order of the function may be specified interactively, and several graphs can be viewed at the same time. This tool can be used in an intuitive way, through zooming, to evaluate a Bessel function at selected points, or to find its zeroes. This is part of a larger project that will eventually handle a much wider range of functions. Adding a function to the list of available functions is not too difficult, but requires writing the new function in Java as well (unfortunately) some of the core code.

Analysis Huge list of links - some which work, others...

Applied Math

Applied Mathematics Huge list of links - some which work, others...

Arithmetic

AAA Math Hundreds of pages of Basic Math Skills. Interactive Practice on every page. An Explanation of the math topic on each page. Several Challenge Games on every page. Site divided by discipline and for grade level. RECOMMENDED!!

All about Ratios Practice exercises, Quiz

The ArithmAttack How many computer-generated arithmetic problems can you answer in 60 seconds? You may download the ArithmAttack, use it and distribute it free of charge, provided you do not alter it or charge a fee for downloading it, using it, or distributing it. To operate correctly, the ArithmAttack must be viewed with Microsoft Internet Explorer 3.0 or higher or Netscape Navigator 3.0 or higher.

Arithmetic Huge list of links - some which work, others...

Art & Music

 

Calculus

Calculus Resources On-line This area contains information and links to numerous Internet resources, which could be used for teaching and learning of calculus.

Visual Calculus 

Cellular Automata

 

Combinatorics

 

Complex Analysis

 

Computational Geometry

 

Computational Science

 

Cryptology & Genetic Algorithms

 

Differential Geometry

 

Discrete Mathematics

 

Dynamical Systems

 

Fluid Dynamics

 

Fourier Analysis & Wavelets

 

Fractals

 

Geometry

 

History of Math

 

Industrial Math

 

Linear & Matrix Algebra

 

Linear & Nonlinear Programming

 

Logic & Set Theory

 

Mathematics Education

 

Mathematical Biology

 

Multivariable Calculus

 

Nonlinear Dynamics

 

Number Theory

 

Numerical Analysis

 

Ordinary Differential Equations

 

Partial Differential Equations

 

Pre-Calculus

 

Probability Theory

 

Statistics

 

Topology

 

Trigonometry

 

Teaching

Algebra for the Sciences This is an interdisciplinary general education quantitative reasoning course that will use algebra to answer questions from science. The goal of the course is to enhance student's understanding of mathematics, science, and their interactions and relevance to students. Objectives of the course are to increase scientific literacy, student awareness of connections between mathematics and science, critical thinking and problem solving skills, and ability of future teachers to incorporate mathematics into their classrooms. The contents of the course include estimation, unit conversion, sampling techniques, geometry, lines, quadratics, exponentials, logarithms, systems of equations, and regression. Topics are approached from a mathematical viewpoint and a data driven viewpoint. Each major topic is introduced by a demonstration from a scientific discipline. Students are assigned projects developed in conjunction with faculty from other scientific disciplines. For links to other web pages that discuss specific science issues that are either discussed in the course or used in the projects, click here.

Texas Instruments Home Page These pages include resources for math educators who are interested in finding lessons and programs for the TI-81,82, and 85 graphing calculators. These lessons and calculator programs are appropriate for Algebra II and beyond.

The Math Forum on the Web Good activites and resources for Algebra/Math education.

K-12 Teaching Materials The following are Internet sites which contain significant collections of materials which can be used in the teaching of mathematics at the K-12 level. We have organized these materials into the following categories:

• Lesson Plans
• Software
• Topics in Mathematics
• Contests and Competitions
• Professional Societies
• Other

Miscellaneous

 

Software

Algebra - One on One Algebra One on One is an educational game for those wanting a fun way to learn and practice Algebra. This program covers 21 functions (equations) which includes maximums, minimums, absolute values, averages, x/y, ax + b, axy + b, ax + by + c, squares, cubes, and so on.

The Algebra Word Problem Tutor The Algebra Word Problem Tutor has been developed by members of the Anderson Research Group at Carnegie Mellon University in cooperation with the PUMP Algebra Project. The goal of the Algebra Word Problem Tutor is to help students to learn algebraic skills which they can use in the context of real-life problem situations.

AMATH - Pre-Algebra AMATH is a complete, self-paced, computer driven, adult level course designed as an intervention device to help those who have completed the course work in K-8 math, but cannot do the work.

Artlandia Artlandia provides the graphic design, mathematical hobbyist and educator's communities with easy-to-use tools for Programmable Creative Graphic Design -- implementing their proprietary algorithms, developed in-house and honed by a constant interaction with almost thirty textile manufacturers in the United States and abroad. Requires the use of Mathematica.

Attractors & Co This software will enable you to discover and explore, in a modest manner, the endless and fascinating realm of strange attractors. Whether you are in search of a tool that will help you to understand some of these mathematical properties in a graphics oriented manner or an aesthete looking for new ways to create interesting graphics and pictures, this software is made for you !

Autograph Autograph is a dynamic PC program operating in two modes
----- Graphs, coordinates and bivariate data
----- Single-variable statistics and probability
designed to help teachers and pupils visualise mathematics at secondary/college level, by drawing
dynamically linked 'objects'. Some of the features include solutions of differential equations, matrices, linear transformations, best fit curves, numerical integration, animations, and vectors.

AZ-MATH - University of Arizona A large collection of MSDOS and Macintosh software packages written to be used in the teaching of college mathematics. The latter page contains information on the downloading of these packages and provides means for downloading the entire collection. These programs are also available through the Mathematics Archives (in zip format); the latter listing contains a short abstract of each program.

Berkeley Logo Berkeley Logo is a freeware interpreter that Brian Harvey and his students wrote. Source code is available.

Brad's Free Software for Learning About Math, Physics, and Engineering Mission Statement: Become the leading web site for providing free educational software for teaching students about math, physics, and engineering. Programs are available for Basic Arithmetic, Algebra, Trigonometry, Calculus, Statistics and Vectors.

Cabri-géomètre Cabri-geometry is the product of research activity at the Université Joseph Fourier de Grenoble and at CNRS, in the laboratoire de Structures Discrètes et de Didactique. From the Mathematics Archives pages on Cabri-geometry: Cabri-geometre is an Interactive Notebook to Teach and Learn Geometry. With this package, you perform ruler-compass constructions and then pose questions. You can ask whether lines are parallel or perpendicular. You can compare measures of objects (area, length, angular measurement). An especially nice feature is the ability to move points used as references in constructions and the figure changes appropriately. With this you can examine the trace of a point to find the locus of points, say equidistant from a given point and a given line.

CABRI GEOMETRY II The interactive software for Geometry - Alter geometric figures on the screen. Students can see patterns, make conjectures, and draw their own conclusions. Discover geometric dependencies in the figures students construct. Display the equations of basic geometric objects including lines, circles, ellipses, and coordinates of points.

CAIN: Computer Algebra Information Network CAIN is a distributed information service dedicated to computer algebra. It is set up to disseminate computer algebra news, knowledge, and software among users in all scientific and technical disciplines. The nodes include:

• CAIN UK Node 

C.a.R. Geometry Program C.a.R. is a program which simulates constructions with a straigthedge and compass (Compass and Ruler). It includes a macro language.

the CD-ROM SHOP The CD-ROM SHOP is a vendor of CD's. They have a listing of mathematics CD's for both the Macintosh and IBM compatible computers. Many of the listings contain detailed information about the particular CD's.

Centre for Innovation in Mathematics Teaching A collection of programs to be used in the teaching of k-12 mathematics.

Cinderellas Cafe Interactive geometry on the computer. This German program, written in JAVA, can be used to generate dynamical geometry examples for the WWW.

Colourful Mathematics Colourful Mathematics is a series of educational mathematical games dealing with serious mathematical concepts, but geared toward students from a very early age. The three MSDOS programs are investigations of the Four Colour Theorem, the Chromatic Number of a Graph, and the Dominating Number of a Graph. These programs are also available from the Mathematics Archives

Converge Software CONVERGE Educational Software for Algebra through Calculus (from JEMware) is highly graphical educational software that illustrates mathematical process. Converge has a great number and variety of menu choices designed to help students acquire a graphical and numerical understanding of fundamental math concepts, definitions, and principles.

DERIVE, A Mathematical Assistant A computer algebra system for Windows.

Diagnosys Diagnosys is the product of TLTP project number 17 based at the University of Newcastle upon Tyne with the collaboration of the other four North-East universities. The aim of the project was to produce a computer based diagnostic testing system for mathematics and other technical subjects.

DPGraph: Dynamic Photorealistic Graphing Create beautiful, interactive, dynamic, photorealistic 2D, 3D, 4D, 5D, 6D, 7D and 8D graphs. Optimized for the internet. Used for pre-algebra, geometry, trigonometry and general physics, through multivariable calculus, field theory, quantum mechanics and gravitation. Use time and color as extra dimensions (to create motion or encode momentum, for example). Use the scrollbar to vary parameters in realtime, to slice through graphs, or to vary surface transparency. DPGraph graphs functions, equations, conic sections, planes, spheres, toruses, parametric curves and surfaces, implicit equalities and inequalities, volume intersections, volumes of integration, surfaces of revolution, equipotential surfaces, vector fields, and much more, in rectangular, polar, cylindrical, or spherical coordinates.

E-GEMS : Electronic Games for Education in Math and Science The E-GEMS project is a collaborative effort by scientists, educators, and professional video game and educational software developers who have come together to do research on and develop teaching materials that integrate video games and computer-based explorations with existing classroom practices. The aim of this research is to increase the proportion of children in Grades 4-8 who enjoy learning, mastering, and using underlying concepts of math and science.

Edu2000's Visual CD-ROM Series The Edu2000 Visual Series unique blend of elements creates an exciting learning environment allowing students the opportunity to explore and appreciate mathematics. This full curriculum content demonstrated using real life examples enhanced with leading edge technology serves as the foundation for these very powerful learning tools. Utilizing the popular HTML format, extensive QuickTime and 3-D animation as well as experimental Java applets help the student discover and understand the fundamental principals of mathematics. Products include Visual Plane Geometry and Visual Solid Geometry.

Educational Software Institute Educational Software Institute's resource guide of mathematics software for K-12.

EduMaths EduMaths is a concept and a professional mathematical computer courseware tuition system which covers the whole mathematical educational process, from preschool to postschool. Modules are designed with varying degrees of difficulty. Students are allowed to advance only if they have mastered a particular module of a subject. The package is concentrated on the South African syllabus from Grade 1 to Grade 12.

EUKLID EUKLID is a software about dynamic geometry. You can create geometrical constructions on the screen just the way you do it on a paper. But afterwards, you can take i.e. a basic point of your drawing and drag it to another place - and the geometrical relations between all objects is preserved.

France and Associates - Software Library Publisher of software for K-6. Titles include: Fastball Fractions and Instant Math Series. Demos are available for download.

FUNdamentallyMATH FUNdamentallyMATH is a comprehensive program that advertises that it covers everything in the K-12 mathematics curriculum except calculus.

Future Graph, Inc. Future Graph, Inc. is the publisher of f(g) Scholar, software for Math, Science and Engineering. It combines the functionality of a graphing calculator with that of a complete spreadsheet.

GraphWindows GraphWindows is a DOS-based program for graphing functions of the form y=f(x), polar functions of the form y = f(t), and parametric equations of the form (x, y) = (f(t), g(t)) in an xy-coordinate system. The equation editor is intuitive. The program supports zooming and scrolling and the composition of user defined programs

Howe-Two Software - Software Solutions for Mathematical Instruction Written by a high school teacher and used extensively in a high school lab, the titles in this software collection include: Pre-Algebra I & II, Algebra I, II, III, & IV, Geometry, Advanced Math, Extras: The Neat Stuff and the Quiz Collection. A demo of the programs can be downloaded.

Hungry Frog Game Series In this series there are three mathematics games. Math I teaches basic counting skills to children ages 3 and up (enumeration of objects). Math II teaches the sequence of numbers on the integer and whole number number lines. In Math III you can practice addition and subtraction using positive or negative numbers, multiplication, division and even absolute value equations.

The Image Warper The Image Warper is a program that supports exploratory learning and enjoyable activities involving geometric transformations and image distortion.

InfoMath InfoMath is a publisher of educational mathematics programs which include: MathTutor5, Math Tools and Finderz-Keeperz.

Intelligent Tutor Math Educational Software Intelligent Tutor Math Educational Software, programs for Grades 7-12 math, has three components - the CONCEPTS & SKILLS SERIES, the PRACTICE & REVIEW SERIES, and the SPECIAL TOPICS SERIES

Interactive Mathematics INTERACTIVE MATHEMATICS is a new series of college-level, interactive multimedia courses being developed by Academic Systems in collaboration with faculty from colleges and universities around the country. Interactive Mathematics is also the first series of courses that take advantage of an advanced computer-mediated instructional approach, called Mediated Learning, which provides a faculty-guided, learner-centered environment for improving student academic achievement. Each course in the Interactive Mathematics series provides comprehensive mathematics instruction using an engaging and challenging interactive multimedia environment.

International Education Software This site is for all students, teachers, and reseachers interested in mathematics. IES inc. was established by people involved in mathematics education. We deal with research, development, import, and sales of software for mathematics education.

JavaSketchpad JavaSketchpad is a new web technology which permits authors, teachers, artists, curriculum developers, researchers, and all other geometry fans to publish dynamic geometry illustrations directly in their web pages. More technically JavaSketchpad is a Java applet which displays sketches developed using Geometer's Sketchpad desktop software (available from Key Curriculum Press for Macintosh and PC) directly on the web. Anyone with a Java-capable web browser can then dynamically explore the sketches you've created, without requiring access to Geometer's Sketchpad.

Key Curriculum Press Key Curriculum Press is a publisher of many software packages for mathematics education including The Geometer's Sketchpad(r) and TesselMania!(TM).

Kids' Domain - Math Downloads Contains mathematics programs, free and commercial demos, which can be downloaded. Descriptions provided.

KSEG KSEG is a Linux program for exploring Euclidean geometry. You create a construction, such as a triangle with a circumcenter, and then, as you drag verteces of the triangle, you can see the circumcenter moving in real time. Of course, you can do a lot more than that-see the feature list below. KSEG was inspired by the Geometer's Sketchpad, but there are plans to go beyond the functionality that it provides.

kSoft, Inc. - Graphmatica Graphmatica is an easy-to-use, powerful equation plotter. It supports 5 types of graphs (including polar, parametric and inequalities), unlimited graphs on screen at once, saving setup and lists of equations, and several ways to resize the grid. It offers flexible grid labeling, on-line help, and demonstration files. Graphmatica is also available from the Mathematics Archives.

Learning in Motion Learning in Motion is a publisher of innovative software for K-12 education. This WWW site provides information about the products of Learning in Motion and a collection of links to various educational WWW sites.

The Learning Box The Learning Box publishes Elementary Mathematics software for students K - 5. Two of the series of packages include The Manipulative Math Series and The Math in Context Series which consists of NCTM Standards based programs for students K - 5.

Leibniz Leibniz is a graphical front end to Mathematica which allows you to type mathematical text and carry out calculations using a simple, drag and drop style of expression manipulation. Leibniz is a mathematical word processor: it allows you to quickly and easily type text and structured mathematical expressions. You can launch calculations from within Leibniz by selecting an expression to evaluate and hitting enter, or by selecting a portion of an expression and dragging it around the expression to launch a calculation.

LF Software Tutorial software in Mathematics. Titles include: Fractions Made Easy, Basic Math for Windows, Algebra I for Windows, Algebra II for Windows, Geometry for Windows, Trigonometry for Windows, Basic Math for Dos, Introduction to Algebra for Dos, Algebra II for Dos

Math Teaching Assistant Primarily for K-12.

Mathcard Written by a former elementary school teacher, Mathcard is a fun and easy to use concentration-style game. The purpose of the game is to help students learn the answers to simple math problems.

Math League Multimedia Publisher of software: Middle Grades Math - Level 1 is their program which is designed to sharpen the math skills of 6th grade students and which contains over 5000 practice problems.

Mathematica for K-12 This page, maintained by Wolfram Research, Inc., provides information on the use of Mathematica in the high school. Included are links to sites which have courseware and publications on the use of Mathematica.

Mathematics Library Plus Mathematics Library Plus is published by Aces Research, Inc. and consists of tutorial software on CD's; topics include Algebra, Calculus, Statistics, Geometry, and Trignometry. Each CD-ROM title is a step-by-step and easy-to-follow interactive tutorial for students from high school to college levels. A comprehensive self study guide with online text references and a useful resource for pre-test practices. Each math subject contains hundreds of problems ranging from easy to difficult and come with interactive hints and solutions. Each listing explains the fundamental principle(s), corollaries of the equation and its sample usage.

Mathematics Worksheet Factory With Mathematics Worksheet Factory Deluxe you can create math worksheets that provide practice in addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division with up to 6 digit numbers, decimals, and currency. The Deluxe version also includes a Magic Squares worksheet generator.

MathMaker Fonts Fonts developed by Mountain Lake Software, Inc. for mathematical symbols to be used on macintosh computers.

MathPad MathPad is a general purpose graphing scientific calculator. It uses text input rather than simulating buttons on a hand held calculator. This live scratchpad interface allows you to see and edit your entire calculation. Formulas can be entered directly and different values can be plugged in for easy "what if" calculating. In addition to being a handy little calculator, MathPad can also take on larger problems. Simple plotting allows quick visualization of results. General purpose arrays allow calculations involving vectors, complex numbers, matrix algebra etc. 2D arrays can be displayed as grayscale or color images. MathPad runs on a Mac Plus or higher with system 6 or system 7.

Mathpert Assistants Mathpert is the publisher of Algebra Assistant, Pre-Calculus Assistant, and Calculus Assistant. These programs contain an expert system capable of solving ANY math problem the same way people do: step-by-step. Demos of the software are available.

mathResources, Inc. mathResources, Inc. publishes interactive math teaching and learning tools on CD ROM. Currently they offer an interactive math dictionary with a maple kernal attached.

MathSoft MathSoft, Inc. isthe developer of the technical calculation application Mathcad, as well as developer and provider of a variety of other software tools for users of PCs, Macintosh computers, and UNIX workstations. This site provides product information, tools and information to help one work more efficiently and creatively with MathSoft products, and links to interesting sites in the rest of the technical and mathematical community.
Mathwise Mathwise is an integrated learning environment for teaching undergraduate mathematics. It comprises mathematical and application modules, reference material, assessments and resource tools. These are integrated by a Courseware Management System, which handles cross referencing between the different components of the system. Mathwise modules are based on the SEFI (European Society for Engineering Education) syllabus, comprising mathematical topics taught in pre-university and first year university, together with a number of key topics in second-year university Science and Engineering courses.

Mathwright Library The Mathwright Library is a collecion of Mathwright Books which have been produced by the authoring system, Mathwright. This WEBsite makes available for downloading a Mathwright Library Player which may be used as a viewer for the WorkBooks in this Mathwright Library. However, it is capable of reading only the WorkBooks supplied through this WEBsite. There is a commercial version of Mathwright Library Player which has many additional features. Among the many topics covered in this library are Area Between the Graphs, Bernoulli Trials, Chaotic Pendulum, Curves in Art and Nature, Difference Equations, Dynamical Systems, Eigenvector, Factoring Polynomials, Golden Ratio, Lunar Lander, Matrix Calculator, Periodic Functions, Pool Game, Polar Graphs, Space Filling Curve, and Work Problems.

Neufeld & Associates Publishers of The UNDERSTANDING MATH Programs, collection of programs for interactive learning for grades 6-10. Topics include algebra, equations, exponents, geometry and integers. Software is available in both English and French. Demos are available. The company also provides lessons plans related to these packages and organizes workshops.

NonEuclid : Software for Exploring Non-Euclidean Geometry 

The Quarter Mile Math Games Award-winning math software for students of all abilities kindergarten through pre-algebra. These fun and exciting programs are perfect for home, school and homeschool use. Plus, people of all ages are now competing in international math tournaments using special tournament versions of these unique software programs.

Peanut Software for Windows A collection of programs writtten by Rick Parris at Phillips Exeter Academy.

Personal Algebra Tutor, PAT PAT is the Algebra software that DOES Algebra, that solves problems that you enter step-by-step and explains the steps. The explanations use the exact equations, coefficients, and variables of the students problem.

PixelGraphics Math Strategies! Math Strategies! is a new educational software program that combines the action of Nintendo with basic math concepts. Aimed at children 5 and older, it guides children through problems in addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and number recognition. Students run, shoot, and blast to get through a series of obstacles. As they solve each math problem, the correct answer displays in words and as a math equation.

Pre-Engineering Software Corporation The goal of Pre-Engineering Software Corporation is to develop and produce teaching tools for middle and high school that introduce students to the adventure of solving true-life engineering problems while reinforcing their math and science skills.

Rotater A Macintosh Program (68K/FPU/PPC versions) for rotating user specified points and lines in 3D in real time with stereo options. Source code is available. An MSDOS version is available at a different site.

Shapescape Shapescape is a 32-bit Windows program that allows various 3D shapes, polyheda, to be created and then flattened so that a pattern can be printed to make a model of the polyhedron.

Speech Recognition and Mathematics Metroplex Voice Computing (MVC) is a leader in speech recognition programming. Their speech recognition software products are designed to operate strictly by voice, without needing the keyboard or mouse. Packages include ArithmeticTalk, MathTalk, MathTalkPro, MathBrailleTalk, VoiceEZcalc and VoiceEZcad.

Stanford Testing Systems, Inc. Stanford Testing Systems, Inc. is the publisher of software to help prepare students for various standardized tests including SAT, ACT, GRE, LSAT, MCAT, GMAT, TOEFL and MAT. In addition, the practice test for SAT is available online together with review lessons.

StarLogo StarLogo is a programmable modeling environment for exploring the behaviors of decentralized systems, such as bird flocks, traffic jams, and ant colonies. It is designed especially for use by students.

Symbolic Net Symbolic Mathematical Computation Information Center - The area of symbolic and algebraic computation (SAC), also known as computer algebra (CA) in some circles, aims to automate mathematical computations of all sorts. The resulting computer systems, experimental and commercial, are powerful tools for scientists, engineers, and educators. SAC research usually combines mathematics with advanced computing techniques.

Symmetric Chaos QuickBasic Programs 

Techexplorer Techexplorer is a plug-in for Netscape and Microsoft internet browsers that enables the use of TeX, LaTeX and MathML to display mathematical symbols.

TeXaide TeXaide is a special version of MathType's Equation Editor that generates TeX using MathType 4's TeX translator technology. The program is FREE.

3D-Filmstrip 3D Filmstrip is a mathematical visualization program for Macintosh computers.

The Transform Programmer The Transform Programmer is a package of programs which work together to support exploratory learning and enjoyable activities involving geometric transformations. The Transform Programmer consists of three main parts -- (a) an image processing and display subsystem called the "METIP Programming Environment," (b) a programming language interpreter, in this case, the XLISP-STAT system of David Betz and Luke Tierney, and (c) a particular Lisp program that facilitates the manipulation of mathematical expressions. The program contains the capability to transform images in complicated ways according to user-specified formulas, and that the image display and transformation functions can be commanded from the programming language as well as directly by the user.

TREEFROG Self-assessment System  TREEFROG is a rule-based system for students to practise their maths skills on. The PC-based system TREEFROG simply checks each step of the student's argument for consistency, and recognizes if the correct finishing point has been reached. The online prototype (which only covers polynomial algebra at present), gives rudimentary feedback using malrules if a mistake is made in a step.

Virtual Abacus Virtual abacus is an interactive, multimedia software tool to help facilitate number sense and counting skills in children ages six and seven. The virtual abacus is a computer simulation based on the traditional Chinese abacus.

Virtual Image Publisher of CD-ROMS. Some of the titles include: Art and Mathematics, Polytopia I, II, Shape and Space I, II, Uniform Polyhedra, Fractions, Mental Arithmetic, Trigonometry

VisualMath The one-stop site for teaching and learning interactive and visual Math. Shareware programs for Windows 95.

Waterloo Maple Software This is the home page of the vendors and continuing developers of Maple, Theorist, MathPlus, MathEdge, and Expressionist.

Wolfram Research, Inc. Wolfram Research, Inc. is the developer of the program Mathematica. This site contains Mathematica-related items contributed by Mathematica users around the world and by Wolfram Research.

Medicine

Meteorology

Oceanography

Paleontology

Physics

American Institute of Physics Dedicated to the study of Physics, this site contains downloadable journals, back issues, and some helpful software.

The Art of Motion Motion control is the process of computer controlled kinetics-- the foundation of robotics. The ability to precisely control the path of a tool enables fabrication of objects that would not be possible or practical by hand held methods.

CERN: European Laboratory for Particle Physics Information about the World Wide Web from the place where it was invented. Just about anything you'd want to know about the Web can be found here or in links from here. The main thrust of the site is the Laboratory's work in Particle Physics.

Circles of Light: The Mathematics of Rainbows This is a series of explanations and experiments with light refraction, reflection, and characteristics of travel. It's straightforward and informative with helpful figures to go along with the text. All of it is nicely tied together in that, combined, the principles explain rainbows.

Contemporary Physics Education Project A helpful source of materials for physics teachers and students.

Cumulative Units of Binary Excellence (CUBE) If you're looking for sites that explore the outer limits of physics as we know them, this is the place to start.

Fluids Movie Archive MPEG clips demonstrate fluid dynamics. A great multimedia training on this topic.

Particle Data Group If you are interested in particle physics, the PDG has a very interesting and helpful site for you here. It includes The Review of Particle Physics, celebrating its 40th year in publication, and The Particle Adventure, an interactive tour of the parts of an atom. problems!

The Second Superstring Revolution This page will give you a brief history of superstrings and their basic ideas, resolve contradictions with special relativity and quantum theory, and discuss supersymmetry. It's a pretty thorough page created by a guy at CalTech.

The Wonders of Physics A comprehensive site dedicated to furthering the knowledge of physics and broadening the minds of many individuals.

Bang, Boing, Pop! An interactive physics tutorial featuring lessons on energy, linear momentum, and angular momentum. The lessons come complete with quizzes. This site requires an extra click to enter. There is a disclaimer as well. This site has not received an update in several years.

Fear of Physics Readable explanations, accompanied by diagrams, help beginner students understand physics, especially mechanics. There are also practice problems with the numbers left out so one can try them again and again. There are also, unfortunately, no answers to the problems.

GBS Physics Home Page Features "a set of instructional pages written in an easy-to-understand language" as well as multimedia demonstrations and practice problems covering most of first year college level physics.

The Physics Department An illustrated multimedia physics textbook that covers, waves, mechanics and light. Java is a must for the interactive demonstrations that load surprisingly fast. This page was last updated in December of 1998.

HyperPhysics Concepts "HyperPhysics is an exploration environment for concepts in physics which employs concept maps and other linking strategies to facilitate smooth navigation. For the most part, it is laid out in small segments or cards, true to its original development in HyperCard. The entire environment is interconnected with thousands of links, reminiscent of a neural network." This means that it takes many clicks to reach a formula, but one does learn where that formula resides within a larger framework. One can also easily find similar concepts.

The Laws List "A list of various laws, rules, principles, and other related topics in physics and astronomy." According to its author, this list is not complete, but it is extensive and designed mainly for the advanced student.

Introductory Physics at IUPUI Gateway to two very complete and current autotutorial web-based physics courses. These include "basics" to explain concepts, problems hidden beneath various icons, essays on "what is physics good for," and even a bulletin board. Please be careful using web boards on public machines.

Courses and Proficiency Exams -- Physics Illinois Syllabi, practice problems, and outlines are all included in this physics' departments offerings. The level of courses varies from requiring little mathematics, to needing a solid grounding in algebra, to requiring calculus and other advanced math. The level of web coverage also varies but there is something under most of the offerings.

Physics Problems Not for the timid of heart or mind. The folks who run this site ask one stumper each month for all the world to solve. This site also lists problems from previous months as well.

The Physics Zone Reasonably readable physics "lessons" are under the small yellow lessons link. Multiple choice review questions are under "review." Choose questions by category. Physics is noncalculus based and questions are designed for students taking the New York State Regents Exam. There are even practice Regents problems on the site.

Amusement Park Physics Describes the physics of amusement park rides in terms the intelligent lay person can understand and enjoy. Build your own roller coaster. Read about the history of roller coasters, and consult the physics glossary too. This site's last revision was in 1998, but it seems stable.

How Do Bullets Fly? "This document attempts to explain the basics of the complicated subject of bullet motion through the atmosphere and avoids formulas as well as mathematics, but expects familiarity with the way of physical thinking."

Fusion Energy Educational Web Site Fusion what happens when two hydrogen atoms fuse to become helium. This form of clean nuclear energy powers the stars. The Fusion Energy Educational Web Site features a glossary, FAQ, talking points for debaters, and even lecture slides. This site last received a revision more than year ago.

The Physics Van The Physics Van is a traveling science show that brings the fun of physics to young students. The site includes an ask the expert section designed for younger readers and those who might teach them, as well as instructions for in-class demonstrations. The site is framed but loads easily.

The Science Club: Kids' Projects Here Assorted phsyics demonstration/science fair projects are listed by difficulty. Projects have intriguing names like "the disgustoscope." There are also links to sites with other science fair projects and a science fair idea exchange.

University of Maryland: Physics Lecture-Demonstration Facility Choose from a long list of physics lecture demonstrations sorted by topic and subtopic. Instructions include illustrations and references. This site has a new location.

Center for the History of Physics Home Page Long and readable articles on famous physicists, discoveries, and laboratories are in the list marked "Exhibits." For additional exhibits, just click "More." This site also includes papers of famous physicists which require a fair amount of technical sophistication and determination.

Errors and "Science Myths in K-6 Science Textbooks Everything from sloppy wording to statements that are downright false are here at this web site. These statements come from K-6 science books. An interesting study in miseducation.

Galileo and Einstein Lecture Index Twenty-seven readable essays based on lectures that cover the history of physics all the way from the Babylonians to the theory of relativity. This site has probably not been updated since 1998. The author's home page has not been updated since 1999.

Physics 109N Homepage: Einstein and Galileo A history of science course about "two revolutions in our perception of the universe." Included on the web site are: lecture notes, some writings by Einstein and Galileo, plus a host of physics, astronomy, and Renaissance links. The last revision for this site was 1998.

Optics

Acoustics and Vibration Animations Detailed and in-depth explanation of mainly sound and water waves. There are animated graphics that may require java. The explanations require a solid background in algebra and trigonometry.

Color Matters If you have ever wondered about color in art, color vision, color in psychology, nature, advertising, or anywhere else, this is the web site for you. Readable explanations lay beneath the links on either side of the page.

General Relativity Tutorial "This is a bunch of interconnected web pages that serve as an informal introduction to general relativity. The goal is to demystify general relativity and get across the key ideas without big complicated calculations." These pages, however, do require some calculus. This page was last revised more than a year ago.

Molecular Expressions: Science, Optics and You This site features tutorials, an optics timeline, and student activities, all connected with light, optics, lenses, and microscopy. Some student activities and the "Intel Play" include Java applets. Not all the student activities have a lot of substance behind them.

Oulu Space Physics Textbook The physics of the sun, solar system, and space that is near enough for scientists to measure accurately with instruments. English is not the authors' first language, and a strong interest in the subject plus high school physics are necessary to understand this site. This site was last revised in 1998.

You Be the Astrophysicist A readable walk-through of several astrophysical problems with step by step suggestions for solving them. Also includes calculators and related information. The site requires knowledge of algebra but not calculus.

The ABC's of Nuclear Science "The ABC's of Nuclear Science is a brief introduction to Nuclear Science. We look at Antimatter, Beta rays, Cosmic connection and much more. Visit here and learn about radioactivity - alpha, beta and gamma decay. Find out the difference between fission and fusion. Learn about the structure of the atomic nucleus. Learn how elements on the earth were produced."

The Particle Adventure "The Particle Adventure is an award-winning site that introduces the theory of fundamental particles and forces, called the Standard Model. It also explores the experimental evidence and the reasons physicists want to go beyond this theory."

Physics 2000 "An interactive journey through modern physics" that makes heavy use of Java applets to teach about the quantum atom, lasers, microwave ovens and other features of "Einstein's legacy."

Sociology

 

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