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Historical and modern tactics & strategies used by military, paramilitary and guerilla units.


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NORTH KOREAN TACTICS [PDF] by MAJ James M. Minnich, Northeast Asia Foreign Area Officer. In 1985, the ROK Military, with the assistance of a North Korean defector and thirty procured nK related reference materials, began a revision of it's perceived understanding of nK military tactics. In 1997, with the procural of many important nK reference materials, the ROK Military refined it's interpretation of nK tactics, and with the publication of 30-7 Reference Manual series, dated 2000.1.31, Understanding the Enemy, the ROKA College has revised its teachings on nK tactics. This research paper is predominately based on Reference Manual 30-7-1, Understanding the Enemy (volume 1) - North Korean Military Tactical Doctrine, Regiment Level and Higher.

Doctrine for Asymmetric Warfare ~ Excerpt from: "MILITARY REVIEW Magazine" By Col. Clinton J. Ancker III, U.S. Army, Retired & Lt. Col. Michael D. Burke, U.S. Army, Retired July - August 2003

The Simple Sabotage Field Manual — Strategic Services (Provisional) — is published for the information and guidance of all concerned and will be used as the basic doctrine for Strategic Services training for this subject. Sabotage varies from highly technical coup de main acts that require detailed planning and the use of specially-trained operatives, to innumerable simple acts which the ordinary individual citizen-saboteur can perform. This paper is primarily concerned with the latter type. Simple sabotage does not require specially prepared tools or equipment; it is executed by an ordinary citizen who may or may not act individually and without the necessity for active connection with an organized group; and it is carried out in such a way as to involve a minimum danger of injury, detection, and reprisal.

Mini-Manual of the Urban Guerrilla ~ A Marxist Revolutionary Guide By Carlos Marighella 1969, Brazil

ASYMMETRIC WARFARE - OLD METHOD, NEW CONCERN ~ National Strategy Forum Review By David L. Grange Winter 2000

Vikings Raid European Mainland: 800-900 Essay examines the Norsemen's military tactics, and analyzes the effect of the incursions on Britain, France, and Spain.

The Battle of Granicus, 334 B.C. Details the military tactics and strategies used by Alexander the Great against the Persians at the Granicus River battle. Pretty badly written, grammatically speaking.

Military Operations and Plans for German Domination of Europe Examines the public reaction to World War I, along with Germany's military tactics and plans for becoming the dominant force in Europe.

Battle of Pinkie Cleugh Historians have tended to regard the British Isles as a military backwater in the 16th century, but a close examination of the campaign suggests that Pinkie Cleugh was the first "modern" battle on British soil--featuring combined arms, cooperation between infantry, artillery and cavalry and, most remarkably, a naval bombardment in support of land forces. Such an interpretation places Britain in the mainstream of military development 100 years earlier than is generally accepted.

The Police Officer’s Internet Directory. Link Mine of information regarding Law Enforcement and LE topics. None better or more intensive and diverse. Truly astounding.

Janes Strategic Intelligence & Information Site. Good intel is a foundation of survival. Jane’s is the publisher of the world famous reviews of military equipment & geopolitical status reports. Recognized authority in the intel field.

Camouflage: Use & Detection. Excellent text on both cover & concealment See also: Kodak Infrared Film spots the "make believe" of enemy camouflage. 

"FM 20-3: Camouflage" This field manual (FM) is intended to help company-level leaders understand the principles and techniques of camouflage, concealment, and decoys (CCD). To remain viable, all units must apply CCD to personnel and equipment. Ignoring a threat's ability to detect friendly operations on the battlefield is shortsighted and dangerous. Friendly units enhance their survivability capabilities if they are well versed in CCD principles and techniques...

"FM 21-75 : Combat Skills of the Soldier" includes : Cover, concealment & camouflage, Fighting Positions, Movement, Observation, NBC Warfare, Intel & counter intel, Communications, 1st Aid & personal Hygiene, Mines & Demolitions, Obstacles, Urban areas, Tracking, SERE (survival, resistance, evasion, escape), weapons & fire control, field expedient anti-armor devices, range cards. On PDF

CIA's Kubark Counterintelligence Interrogation Manual. Some parts edited. Still interesting. See also: CIA MANUAL and Prisoner Abuse: Patterns from the Past

FM 90-10: Military Operations in Urbanized Terrain (MOUT) Tactical doctrine stresses that urban combat operations are conducted only when required and that built-up areas are isolated and bypassed rather than risking a costly, time-consuming operation in this difficult environment. Adherence to these precepts, though valid, is becoming increasingly difficult as urban sprawl changes the face of the battlefield. The acronym MOUT (Military Operations on Urbanized Terrain) classifies those military actions planned and conducted on a terrain complex where manmade construction impacts on the tactical options available to commanders...

Range Estimation Essential info for hunters & shooters.

Small Arms Air Defense : Light Infantry in Action Part II When facing an enemy that has air superiority or air parity, air attacks are not just a probability--they are a certainty. The following battlefield experiences relate some success by ground units engaging enemy aircraft with small arms.

GUERRILLA WARFARE by D.M. Gould: Up until World War II, guerrilla warfare was largely ignored in military textbooks. Today, its implications cannot be ignored. Many countries, (e.g., Britain) even have specific brigades set up to combat guerrilla warriors...

Urban Warfare Considerations; Understanding and Combating Irregular and Guerilla Forces During A "Conventional War" In Iraq. by C. L. Staten, Sr. National Security Analyst, Emergency Response & Research Institute: According to reports from U.S. military/intelligence sources, Iraqi special troops (Fedayeen) are now said to utilizing guerilla warfare tactics that have been developed by Al-Qaeda and other radical Muslim militants in a number of countries. In particular, the idea of "stay-behind" irregular troops, dressed in civilian clothes and using unconventional and illegal tactics to attack U.S. and Coalition forces, reportedly comes from evolving Al-Qaeda and other terrorist doctrine.

Che Guevara Guerilla Warfare The armed victory of the Cuban people over the Batista dictatorship was not only the triumph of heroism as reported by the newspapers of the world; it also forced a change in the old dogmas concerning the conduct of the popular masses of Latin America. It showed plainly the capacity of the people to free themselves by means of guerrilla warfare from a government that oppresses them...

[Homestead] Guerrilla Warfare, a too-small army Is it possible to prevail over the Iraqi insurgency? First, says John Pike of the group GlobalSecurity.org, enemy combatants must be killed, captured, or demoralized faster than new ones can be recruited, and the majority of the population must come to see the insurgency as illegitimate and its defeat as inevitable. It's a tough job, one that's likely to take years - as long as 10 years, says Dr. Metz at the Army War College. And the outcome is by no means assured...

E-Notes- Recapturing the Essentials of Counterinsurgency - FPRI In recent years, a lamentable tendency has arisen, among persons who should know better, to use the terms “terrorist” and “guerrilla” as if they were synonyms. This is a serious confusion that may well lead to policy errors and thus cost American lives. In this essay, the term “guerrillas” refers to those who, whatever else they may do, fight against ostensibly more powerful armed forces by making unexpected attacks against vulnerable military targets, and who are sustained, in the ideal case, by popular support, high morale, good intelligence, secure bases, and foreign assistance...

BELLUM - TE LAWRENCE - SCIENCE OF GUERILLA WARFARE by T.E. Lawrence: This study of the science of guerrilla, or irregular, warfare is based on the concrete experience of the Arab Revolt against the Turks 1916-1918. But the historical example in turn gains value from the fact that its course was guided by the practical application of the theories here set forth...

Excerpts from memorandum from Brig. Gen. Edward G. Lansdale ... Pentagon expert on guerrilla warfare, to Gen. Maxwell D. Taylor, President Kennedy's military adviser, on "Resources for Unconventional Warfare, SE. Asia," undated but apparently from July, 1961. Copies were sent to Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara, Deputy Secretary of Defense Roswell L. Gilpatric, Secretary of State Dean Rusk, Allen W. Dulles, Director of Central Intelligence, and Gen. C. P. Cabell, Deputy Director of Central Intelligence...

Urban Guerrilla Warfare in Latin America As the United States battled revolutionary communist guerrillas in Vietnam on the center stage in the world news in the 1960's, other revolutionary forces worked fervently to destabilize oppressive Latin American authoritarian regimes. As guerilla activity spread across Central America from Guatemala (1954), to Cuba (1959 & 1961), and the Dominican Republic (1965), South American revolutionary leaders, such as Che Guevara and Carlos Marighella, as well as the guerrilla organization of the Tupamaros, watched intently learning much from the failures and success of their revolutionary brothers to the north...

Guerrilla Warfare - excerpt of chapter one of Ernesto "Che" Guevara's General Principles of Guerrilla Warfare.

Instruments of Statecraft: U.S. Guerilla Warfare, Counterinsurgency, and Counterterrorism, 1940-1990 Informed by recently declassified and previously unpublished documents, Instruments of Statecraft is an authoritative study of American covert, unconventional warfare waged against ideological adversaries, from the Truman administration up to the recent war in the Persian Gulf. 
Since World War II, assassination, sabotage, kidnaping, torture, the overthrow of foreign governments, and other terroristic activities have been intrinsic to our national defense policy. These have been justified time and again as necessary to combat communist insurgency and, more recently, terrorism-as the only effective response to the barbarism ascribed to, or projected onto, our enemies- be they Sandinistas or the PLO. So it is that America has maintained forces -including the OSS, the CIA, the Green Berets, and the Delta Force-that have specialized in dirty warfare with impunity, in Nicaragua, Lebanon, Laos, Vietnam, the Philippines, Afghanistan, Guatemala, Africa, Cuba, Central America, and Greece, among other places. Michael McClintock gives a fascinating and alarming expose of the dark side of American foreign policy, while examining its tactical roots-from the pronouncements of Clausewitz and Raymond Aron, to its ideological basis in the Monroe Doctrine, Theodore Roosevelt's "Big Stick" foreign policy, and Woodrow Wilson's post-colonialist crusade.

On Guerrilla Warfare Written by Mao in 1937, when Japanese imperialists occupied all of China, this book served as an instruction manual for guerrilla fighting, written based on more than a decade of personal experience by Mao. Based on the basic strategy and tactics of warfare as described by Sun-tzu, Mao stresses the importance of guerrilla warfare tactics in a revolutionary war, emphasizing that they must be combined in conjunction with conventional warfare tactics.

Understanding Guerrilla Warfare by Major Johnie Gombo, USMC. Unless a Marine Air Ground Task Force Commander understands guerrilla warfare, conflict with a belligerent who uses guerrilla warfare will cause a problem...

GUERRILLA WARFARE TACTICS IN URBAN ENVIRONMENTS A thesis presented ... [PDF]

GUERRILLA WARFARE: WHEN TAKING CARE OF YOUR MEN LEADS TO WAR CRIMES by Davida Kellogg: Genocide and war crimes are nothing new under the sun, as a cursory perusal of the Book of Esther, or the instructions given the Hebrews in Leviticus as to how they were to conduct themselves vis a vis the inhabitants of the promised lands they were about to take possession of, will confirm. Centuries of work by moral philosophers, and military, theological and legal scholars have produced what must strike any reasonable person as equable, if not altogether comprehensive, international standards for the ethical treatment of innocents in time of war. But recent events in Central America and Africa, as well as Bosnia, and the botch made by an Italian military tribunal of what may be the last trial of a high ranking Nazi war criminal, have made it disturbingly clear how frequently and blatantly the Law of War is disregarded...

Guerilla Warfare- An Introduction to the Art of Revolution There are a number of fairly good books on guerilla warfare, some of which are published by the U.S. Army, Marines and Navy. "Field guides" for counter-insurgency divisions of the Marines, the Rangers 101 Airborne and especially the Navy Seals are particularly worth reading, as they deal with scrounging for food and first aid, as well as survival in combat situations. Another good book is "Guerilla Warfare" by Che Guevarra, which provides a good introduction to underground techniques, without going into the particulars of actual combat. Much of the following information is contained in Che's book. If you're really interested in combat strategy, you should look into historical accounts of actual combat...

Psychological Operations in Guerilla Warfare - tactical manual published by the Central Intelligence Agency and distributed to the Contras in Central America.

Psychological Operations in Guerrilla Warfare - features an article written for members of the resistance against the communist Sandinista government of Nicaragua. Also available HERE and HERE and HERE and in PDF HERE

Night Warrior Handbook - Book I (2nd Battalion, 5th Marines - Training for Night Operations in the Infantry Company)
Night Warrior Handbook - Book II (2nd Battalion, 5th Marines - Training for Night Operations in the Infantry Company)
Night Warrior Handbook - Book II (Bibliography) (2nd Battalion, 5th Marines - Training for Night Operations in the Infantry Company)

BUSHCRAFT PROGRAM OF INSTRUCTION: This is a outline of Bushcraft and Tracking course curriculum.

COMBAT TRACKING TECHNIQUES: How To Track Your Enemy.

TRACKING AND COUNTERTRACKING: Extract from course notes.

TRACKING: Chapter 7 of Rhodesian COIN manual.

FOLLOW UP OPERATIONS: Chapter 8 of Rhodesian COIN manual.

RURAL TRACKING OPERATIONS: Extract from Rhodesian S.A.S. (Special Air Service) combat field manual.

ZAMBEZI VALLEY MANHUNT: A article about the T.C.U. and one of its operations. The T.C.U. was absorbed into the Selous Scouts, making up some of the original cadre of that organization.

TRACKING FOR SURVIVAL: Covers basic knowledge and skills for military bush trackers.

ADVANCE TRACKING TECHNIQUES: This picks up basically were tracking for survival leaves off.

TRACKING: THE FOLLOW UP: Techniques employed by scout trackers to pick up lost spoor.

BUSH TRACKING AND COUNTERTRACKING: Successful techniques employed in the bush by scout trackers.

SELOUS SCOUTS, FOXHOUNDS, BEACONS AND TRANSMITTERS: A peculiar and experimental use of tracking dogs.

OVERCOMING TRACKING PROBLEMS: The essence of the Selous Scouts.

TRACKING TERRS / GUERRILLAS: The employment of native trackers and combat trackers in a counter-insurgency conflict.

TRACKING TECHNIQUES FOR PREDATOR AND PREY: This is some tracking information on techniques employed by the Rhodesian Security Forces and the Scouts.

Arm-and-Hand Signals for Ground Forces - Note: This page contains over 50 hand signals and is graphics intensive, so be aware of a long load time.

FM 17-98 SCOUT PLATOON, 10 APR 1999 [PDF Download] Also available in HTML HERE and HERE

FM 7-93 LONG-RANGE SURVEILLANCE UNIT OPERATIONS, 03 OCT 1995. Also available HERE

FM 7-85 RANGER UNIT OPERATIONS, 09 JUN 1987

FM 7-8 INFANTRY RIFLE PLATOON AND SQUAD, 22 APR 1992 , CHANGE 1, 1 MARCH 2001. Also available HERE and HERE [PDF]


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