A Chapter Dedicated to Pestered Housekeepers.

    The Domestic Cat as a Household Trap.

    The Rat. Its Proverbial Shrewdness and Cunning.

    THE BARREL TRAP. Its unlimited Capabilities of Capture Other
    Advantages. "Baiting" for Rats.

    A Second Form of Barrel Trap.

    Various other Devices adapted to the capture of the Rat.

    The Steel Trap. Hints on Setting. Necessary Precautions

    THE BOX DEAD FALL.

    THE BOARD FLAP.

    THE BOX PIT FALL. Animals for which it may be set. Its
    Extensive Capabilities of Capture. Its Self-Setting Qualities. The
    principle Utilized for the Capture of the Muskrat.

    THE CAGE TRAP.

    THE JAR TRAP. A Preserve Jar Converted into a Mouse Trap.
    Its Complete Success.

    BOWL TRAPS. Two Methods.

    FLY PAPER. Recipe for Making.

    FLY TRAP

The following chapter includes a variety of traps which have not been covered by any of the previous titles. Several 
novelties are contained in the list, and also a number of well known inventions.

For the most effectual domestic trap on record see our page title (above) to this section. There are several others 
also which have done good service in many households, and for the sake of pestered housekeepers generally, we 
devote a corner of our volume for their especial benefit.

Foremost in the list of domestic pests the rat stands pre-eminent, and his proverbial shrewdness and cunning 
render his capture often a very difficult, if not an impossible task. We subjoin, however, a few hints and suggestions
of practical value, together with some perfected ideas in the shape of traps, by which the average rat may be easily 
outwitted and led to his destruction.

First on the list is THE BARREL TRAP.
This most ingenious device possesses great advantages in its capabilities of securing an almost unlimited number 
of the vermin in quick succession. It also takes care of itself, requires no re-baiting or setting after once put in 
working order, and is sure death to its prisoners.

A water-tight barrel is the first thing required. Into this pour water to the depth of a foot. Next dampen a piece of very
thick paper, and stretch it over the top of the barrel, tying it securely below the upper hoops. When the paper dries 
it will become thoroughly flat and tightened. Its surface should then be strewn with bits of cheese, etc., and the 
barrel so placed that the rats may jump upon it from some neighboring surface. As soon as the bait is gone, a fresh 
supply should be spread on the paper and the same operation repeated for several days, until the rats get 
accustomed to visit the place for their regular rations, fearlessly and without suspicion. 

This is "half the battle," and the capture of the greedy victims of misplaced confidence is now an easy matter. The 
bait should again be spread as before and a few pieces of the cheese should be attached to the paper with gum. It 
is a good plan to smear parts of the paper with gum arabic, sprinkling the bait upon it. 

When dry, cut a cross in the middle of the paper, as seen in the illustration, and leave the barrel to take care of 
itself and the rats. The first one comes along, spies the tempting morsels, and with his accustomed confidence,
jumps upon the paper. He suddenly finds himself in the water at the bottom of the barrel, and the paper above has 
closed and is ready to practice its deception on the next comer. There is not long to wait. A second victim soon 
tumbles in to keep company with the first. A third and a fourth soon follow, and a dozen or more are sometimes thus
entrapped in a very short space of time. It is a most excellent and simple trap, and if properly managed, will most 
effectually curtail the number of rats in any pestered neighborhood.

By some, it is considered an improvement to place in the bottom of the barrel a large stone, which shall project 
above the water sufficiently to offer a foothold for one rat. The first victim, of course, takes possession of this retreat
and on the precipitate arrival of the second a contest ensues for its occupancy. The hubbub which follows is said to 
attract all the rats in the neighborhood to the spot, and many are thus captured.

We can hardly recommend the addition of the stone as being an improvement. The rat is a most notoriously shrewd
and cunning animal, and the despairing cries of his comrades must rather tend to excite his caution and suspicion. 
By the first method the drowning is soon accomplished and the rat utters no sound whereby to attract and warn his 
fellows. This contrivance has been thoroughly tested and has proved its efficacy in many households by completely 
ridding the premises of the vermin.

Another excellent form of Barrel Trap is that embodying the principle described in page (131). A circular platform 
should be first constructed and hinged in the opening of the barrel This may be done by driving a couple of small 
nails through the sides of the barrel into a couple of staples inserted near the opposite edges of the platform. The 
latter should be delicately weighted, as described on the above mentioned page, and previously to setting, should 
be baited in a stationary position for several days to gain the confidence of the rats. 

The bait should at last be secured to the platform with gum, and the bottom of the barrel of course filled with water, 
as already described. This trap possesses the same advantages as the foregoing. It is self-setting, and unfailing in
its action.

Another method consists in half-filling the barrel with oats, and allowing the rats to enjoy their repast there for 
several days. When thus attracted to the spot, remove the oats, and pour the same bulk of water into the barrel, 
sprinkling the surface thickly with the grain. The delusion is almost perfect, as will be effectually proven when the 
first rat visits the spot for his accustomed free lunch.

Down he goes with a splash, is soon drowned, and sinks to the bottom. The next shares the same fate, and several 
more are likely to be added to the list of misguided victims.

Many of the devices described throughout this work may be adapted for domestic use to good purpose. The 
box-trap page 103, box-snare, page 55, figure-four, page 107, are all suitable for the capture of the rat; also, the
examples given on pages 106, 109, 110, and 129.

The steel-trap is often used, but should always be concealed from view. It is a good plan to set it in a pan covered 
with meal, and placed in the haunts of the rats. The trap may also be set at the mouth of the rats' hole, and covered
with a piece of dark-colored cloth or paper. The runways between boxes, boards, and the like offer excellent 
situations for the trap, which should be covered, as before directed.

Without one precaution, however, the trap may be set in vain. Much of the so-called shrewdness of the rat is 
nothing more than an instinctive caution, through the acute sense of smell which the animal possesses; and a trap 
which has secured one victim will seldom extend its list, unless all traces of its first occupant are thoroughly 
eradicated. This may be accomplished by smoking the trap over burning paper, hens' feathers or chips, taking care
to avoid a heat so extreme as to affect the temper of the steel springs. All rat-traps should be treated the same way,
in order to insure success, and the position and localities of setting should be frequently changed.

THE BOX DEAD-FALL.
This trap is an old invention, simplified by the author, and for the capture of rats and mice will prove very effectual.
It consists of a box, constructed of four slabs of 3-4 inch boarding, and open at both ends. The two side boards 
should be 10 x 18 inches; top and bottom boards, 6 x 18 inches. For the centre of the latter, a square piece should 
be removed by the aid of the saw. The width of this piece should be four inches, and the length eight inches. Before
nailing the boards together, the holes thus left in the bottom board should be supplied with a treadle platform, 
working on central side pivots. The board for this treadle should be much thinner and lighter than the rest of the 
trap, and should fit loosely in place, its surface being slightly below the level of the bottom board. This is shown in
the interior of the trap. 

The pivots should be inserted in the exact centre of the sides, through holes made in the edge of the bottom board.
These holes may be bored with a gimlet or burned with a red-hot wire. The pivots may consist of stout brass or iron 
wire; and the end of one should be flattened with the hammer, as seen in (a). This pivot should project an inch from
the wood, and should be firmly inserted in the treadle-piece. The platform being thus arranged, proceed to fasten 
the boards together, as shown in the illustration, the top and bottom boards overlapping the others. 

We will now give our attention to the stick shown at (b). This should be whittled from a piece of hard wood, its length
being three inches, and its upper end pointed as seen. The lower end should be pierced with a crevice, which 
should then be forced over the flattened extremity of the point (a) as shown at (c), pointed end uppermost. The 
weight (a) is next in order. This should consist of a heavy oak plank two inches in thickness, and of such other
dimensions as will allow it to fit loosely in the box, and fall from top to bottom therein without catching between two 
sides. A stout staple should be driven in the centre of its upper face, and from this a stout string should be passed 
upward through a hole in the centre of the box. We are now ready for the spindle (e).

This should be about three inches in length, and bluntly pointed at each end, a notch being made to secure it at a 
point five inches above the pivot (c). To set the trap, raise the weight, as seen in the illustration; draw down the 
string to the point (e), and attach it to the spindle one-half an inch from its upper end, which should then be 
inserted in the notch, the lower end being caught against the extremity of the pivot stick. The parts are now 
adjusted, and even in the present state the trap is almost sure to spring at the slightest touch on the treadle-piece.

An additional precaution is advisable, however. Two small wooden pegs (f) should be driven, one on each side of 
the spindle, thus preventing any side movement of the latter. It will now be readily seen that the slightest weight on
either end of the treadle-piece within the trap must tilt it to one side, thus throwing the pivot-piece from its bearing 
on the spindle; and the latter being released, lets fall the weight with crushing effect upon the back of its hapless
victim.

The trap is very effective, and is easily constructed. The bait should be rested in the centre of the treadle platform. 
Built on a larger scale, this device may be successfully adapted to the capture of the mink, martien, and many other
varieties of game.

THE BOARD-FLAP.
For the capture of mice this is both a simple and effective contrivance, and it may be enlarged so as to be of good 
service for larger animals. Procure two boards, one foot square and one inch thick, and secure them together by 
two hinges, as in the illustration. Assuming one as the upper board, proceed to bore a gimlet hole three inches from
the hinges. This is for the reception of the bait stick, and should be cut away on the inside, as seen in the section 
(a), thus allowing a free play for the stick. Directly beneath this aperture, and in the lower board, a large auger hole 
should be made. A stout bit of iron wire, ten inches in length, is now required. This should be inserted 
perpendicularly in the further end of the lower slab, being bent into a curve which shall slide easily through a gimlet 
hole in the edge of the upper board. This portion is very important, and should be carefully constructed. The bait 
stick should be not more than three inches in length, supplied with a notch in its upper end, and secured in the
aperture in the board by the aid of a pivot and staples, as is clearly shown in our drawing. The spindle is next in 
order. It should consist of a light piece of pine eight and a half inches in length, and brought to an edge at each 
end. A tack should now be driven at the further edge of the upper board on a line with the aperture through which 
the wire passes. Our illustration represents the trap as it appears when set. The upper band is raised to the full limit
of the wire. One end of the spindle is now adjusted beneath the head of the tack, and the other in the notch in the 
bait stick. The wire thus supports the suspended board by sustaining the spindle, which is held in equilibrium. A 
slight touch on the bait stick soon destroys this equilibrium: a flap ensues, and a dead mouse is the result. The
object of the auger hole in the lower board consists in affording a receptacle for the bait when the boards come 
together, as otherwise it would defeat its object, by offering an obstruction to the fall of the board, and thus allow its 
little mouse to escape.

It is, therefore, an essential part of the trap, and should be carefully tested before being finally set.

THE BOX PIT-FALL.
We now come to a variety of trap which differs in its construction from any previously described. It secures its 
victims alive, and without harm, and, when well made, is very successful. It may be set for squirrels, chipmunks, rats,
mice, and the like, and on a large scale for muskrats and mink.

The trap is very easily made, and is represented in section in our illustration, showing the height and interior of the 
box. For ordinary purposes the box should be about twelve or fourteen inches square, with a depth of about  
eighteen inches. A platform consisting of a piece of tin should then be procured. This should be just large enough 
to fit nicely to the outline of the interior of the box without catching. On two opposite sides of this piece of tin, and at 
the middle of each of those sides, a small strip of the same material should be wired, or soldered in the form of a

loop, as shown in the separate diagram at (b). These loops should be only large enough to admit the end of a 
shingle-nail. A scratch should now be made across the tin from loop to loop, and on the centre of this scratch 
another and larger strip of tin should be fastened in a similar manner as shown in our diagram, at (a), this being for 
the balance weight. The latter may consist of a small stone, piece of lead, or the like, and should be suspended by 
means of a wire bent around it, and secured in a hole in the tin by a bend or knot in the other extremity. Further 
explanations are almost superfluous, as our main illustration fully explains itself.

After the weight is attached, the platform should be secured in its place, about five inches from the top of the box. 
To accomplish this and form the hinges, two shingle-nails should be driven through the side of the box into the tin 
loops prepared for them. To do this nicely requires some considerable accuracy and care, and it should be so done
that the platform will swing with perfect freedom and ease, the weight below bringing it to a horizontal poise after a 
few vibrations. Care should be taken that the weight is not too heavy, as, in such a case, the platform will not be 
sensitive on its balance, and, consequently, would not work so quickly and surely. 

The weight should be just heavy enough to restore the platform to its perfect poise, and no more. This can be easily
regulated by experiment. The bait should then be strewn on both sides of the platform, when the trap is set, and the
luckless animal, jumping after the bait, feels his footing give way, and suddenly finds himself in the bottom of a dark
box, from which it is impossible for him to escape except by gnawing his way out. To prevent this, the interior of the 
box may be lined with tin.

By fastening the bait—a small lump or piece—on each side of the tin, the trap will continually reset itself, and, in this 
way, two or three individuals may be taken, one after the other. Muskrats are frequently caught in this trap, it being
generally buried in the ground so that its top is on a level with the surface. In this case it is necessary to arrange the 
platform lower down in the box, and the latter should be of much larger dimensions than the one we have described.

For ordinary purposes the box should either be set in the ground or placed near some neighboring object which will 
afford easy access to it. No less than a dozen rats have been caught in a trap of this kind in a single night.

CAGE TRAP.

The common cage trap is well known to most of our readers, and for the capture of rats and mice, it is one of the 
most efficacious devices in existence. The construction of one of these traps is quite a difficult operation, and we
would hesitate before advising our inventive reader to exercise his patience and ingenuity in the manufacture of an 
article which can be bought for such a small price, and which, after all, is only a mouse trap. If it were a device for 
the capture of the mink or otter, it might then be well worth the trouble, and would be likely to repay the time and 
labor expended upon it. We imagine that few would care to exercise their skill over a trap of such complicated 
structure, while our pages are filled with other simpler and equally effective examples.

For the benefit, however, of such as are of an inventive turn of mind, we subjoin an illustration of the trap to serve 
as a guide. The principle upon which it works is very simple. The bait is strewn inside the cage, and the rats or mice
find their only access to it through the hole at the top. The wires here converge at the bottom, and are pointed at 
the ends. The passage downwards is an easy matter, but to escape through the same opening is impossible, as the
pointed ends of the wires effectually prevent the ascent. It is a notable fact, however, that the efforts to escape 
through this opening are very seldom made. The mode of entering seems to be absolutely forgotten by the captive 
animals, and they rush frantically about the cage, prying between all the wires in their wild endeavors, never 
seeming to notice the central opening by which they entered. 

This is easily explained by the fact that the open grating admits the light from all sides, and the enclosed victims are 
thus attracted to no one spot in particular, and naturally rush to the extreme edges of the trap, in the hope of finding
an exit. If a thick cloth be placed over the cage, leaving the opening at the top uncovered, the confined creatures 
are soon attracted by the light, and lose no time in rushing towards it, where their endeavors to ascend are 
effectually checked by the pointed wires. Profiting by this experiment, the author once improvised a simple trap on 
the same principle, which proved very effectual. We will call it

THE JAR TRAP.
In place of the wire cage, a glass preserve-jar was substituted. A few bits of cheese were then dropped inside, and 
the top of a funnel inserted into the opening above. This completed the trap, and it was set on the floor near the 
flour barrel. On the following morning the jar was occupied by a little mouse, and each successive night for a week 
added one to the list of victims. A stiff piece of tin, bent into the required shape, may be substituted for the funnel 
top, or even a very heavy piece of pasteboard might answer.

BOWL TRAPS.
Very effective extempore traps may be set up in a few minutes by the use of a few bowls. There are two methods 
commonly employed. One consists of the bowl and a knife-blade. An ordinary table knife is used and a piece of 
cheese is firmly forced on to the end of the blade, the bowl is then balanced on the edge, allowing the bait to project
about an inch and a half beneath the bowl. The odor of cheese will attract a mouse almost anywhere, and he soon 
finds his way to the tempting morsel in this case. A very slight nibble is sufficient to tilt the blade and the bowl falls 
over its prisoner.

In the second method a thimble is used in place of the knife. The cheese is forced into its interior, and the open end 
of the thimble inserted far beneath the bowl, allowing about half its length to project outward.

The mouse is thus obliged to pass under the bowl in order to reach the bait, and in his efforts to grasp the morsel, 
the thimble is dislodged and the captive secured beneath the vessel. Where a small thimble is used, it becomes 
necessary to place a bit of pasteboard or flat chip beneath it, in order to raise it sufficiently to afford an easy 
passage for the mouse. Both of these devices are said to work excellently.

FLY PAPER.
A sheet of common paper, smeared with a mixture composed of molasses one part, and bird-lime six parts (see 
page 97), will be found to attract large numbers of flies and hold them prisoners upon its surface. Spruce gum, 
warmed on the fire, and mixed with a little linseed oil, is also excellent. For a genuine fly trap, the following stands 
unrivalled.

FLY TRAP.
Take a tumbler, and half-fill it with strong soap suds. Cut a circle of stiff paper which will exactly fit into the top of the 
glass. In the centre of the paper cut a hole half an inch in diameter, or, better still, a slice of bread may be placed on
the glass. Smear one side of the disc with molasses, and insert it in the tumbler with this side downward. Swarms of 
flies soon surround it, and one by one find their way downward through the hole. Once below the paper, and their 
doom is sealed. For a short time the molasses absorbs their attention, and they, in turn, absorb the molasses.

In their efforts to escape, they one by one precipitate themselves in the soap suds below, where they speedily 
perish. The tumbler is soon half-filled with the dead insects, and where a number of the traps are set in a single 
room, the apartment is soon ridden of the pests.

End of Excerpt.
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