This book is included in the Self Reliance Water & Wells section.
Introduction
AN unused waterfall, no matter how beautiful, appeals to an
engineer mainly as an economic waste, and he fairly aches to
throw a dam across the rushing torrents or to utilize the power of
the water which glides gracefully over the falls and dashes itself
into useless spray many feet below. His progress in the past
years has, however, in no way measured up to his desires, but
with the United States and other governments undertaking gigantic
irrigation projects in order to reclaim vast areas of tillable
lands and with hydroelectric companies acquiring the power
rights of our great waterfalls, the last few years have witnessed
wonderful progress in this type of engineering work. The use of
reinforced concrete as a standard material and the solving of the
many problems in connection with it has greatly simplified and
cheapened the construction, thus avoiding the greater difficulties
of masonry construction usually found in the older dams.
All of this progress in the design of dams and weirs, however,
has served to multiply the types of design and has increased the
need for an authoritative and up-to-date treatise on the theoretical
and practical questions involved. The author of this work has
been a designing engineer for more than a generation and has
built dams and weirs in India, Egypt, Canada, and this country.
He is, therefore, abundantly qualified to speak, not only from the
historic side of the work but from the modern practical side as well.
In addition to a careful analysis of each different type of profile,
he has given critical studies of the examples of this type, showing
the good and bad points of the designs. A wealth of practical
problems together with their solution makes the treatise exceedingly
valuable.
It is the hope of the publishers that this modern treatise will
satisfy the demand for a brief but authoritative work on the subject
and that it will find a real place in Civil Engineering literature.
Gravity dams Pressure of water on wall Method for graphical calculations Conditions of "middle third" and limiting stress Compressive stress limit Design of dams Theoretical profile Practical profile Crest width Rear widening Variation of height High and wide crest Graphical method Analytical method Pressure distribution Graphical method for distribution of pressure Maximum pressure limit Limiting height Internal shear and tension Security against failure by sliding or shear Influence lines Actual pressures in figures Haessler's method Stepped polygon Modified equivalent pressure area in inclined back dam Curved back profiles Treatment for broken line profiles Example of Haessler's method Relations of R. N. and W Unusually high dams Pentagonal profile to be widened Silt against base of dam Ice pressure Partial overfall dams Notable existing dams Cheeseman Lake dam Analytical check Roosevelt dam New Croton dam Assuan dam Cross River and Ashokan dams Burrin Juick dam Arrow Rock dam Special foundations Aprons affect uplift Rear aprons decrease uplift Rock below gravel Gravity dam reinforced against ice pressure Gravity overfall dams or weirs Characteristics of overfalls Approximate crest width Pressures affected by varying water level Method of calculating depth of overfall Objections of "Ogee" overfalls Folsam weir Dhukwa weir Mariquina weir Granite Reef weir Nira weir Castlewood weir American dams on pervious foundations Arched dams Theoretical and practical profiles Support of vertical water loads in arched dams Pathfinder dam Shoshone dam Sweetwater dam Barossa dam Burrin Juick subsidiary dam Dams with variable radii Multiple arch or hollow arch buttress dams Multiple arch generally more useful than single arch dams Mir Alam dam Stresses in buttress Belubula dam Ogden dam Design for multiple arch dam Reverse water pressure Pressure on foundations Flood pressures Big Bear Valley dam Hollow slab buttress dams Formulas for reinforced concrete Guayabal dam Bassano dam Submerged weirs founded on sand Percolation beneath dam Governing factor for stability Vertical obstruction to percolation Rear apron Example of design type A Discussion of Narora weir Sloping apron weirs, type B Restoration of Khanki weir Merala weir Porous fore aprons Okhla and Madaya weirs Dehri weir Laguna weir Damietta and Rosetta weirs Open dams or barrages Barrage defined Weir sluices of Corbett dam General features of river regulators Stability of Assiut barrage Hindia barrage American vs. Indian treatment North Mon canal Upper Coleroon regulator St. Andrew's Rapids dam Automatic dam or regulator
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