This book is included in the Outdoor Survival Basics section.
Preface It was not the original intention of the Experiment Station to prepare and publish a work on the Flora of Colorado. The conditions of the State, the character of the flora, which is so different from that of the east, forced the necessity of collections and the study of local flora by the botanists of the Agricultural College and Experiment Station from the very first. The economic study of Colorado plants, especially the search for those which might be adapted to arid conditions, increased this necessity. Opportunity was furnished by collections of grasses and forest products for the World's Fair, and occasion was always taken when trips were made for any purpose, to obtain additional specimens. In the course of time the collection became so extensive that unless put in form for publication the time and expense involved would be lost, and the work which had been done would be of little service to us, and of none to the public in general. Some systematic collection was done by Professor James Cassidy, Professor of Botany (1881-1889), in the intervals of his many duties, up to the time of his death in 1889. His successor, Professor C. S. Crandall, gave much time to the work, especially after the establishment of the experimental grass station in cooperation with the U. S. Department of Agriculture. This afforded occasion and opportunity for trips in search of promising species of native grasses. Subsequent collections, especially of forest products and grasses for the World's Fair in 1893, gave rise to further collecting trips to various parts of the State. Enthusiastic aid was given by Mr. J. H. Cowan, an energetic and promising student, who became Professor of Horticulture and Botany upon the resignation of Professor Crandall, but whose promising career was terminated by death before he had entered upon the active duties of the position. By this time the collection was of considerable size, had been increased by exchanges, and represented much time and expense. A great many calls came for information, and it was at first thought to publish only a list of the plants which were represented in our own collection. The pressing demands and many duties, as well as the lack of facilities, made it difficult for Professor Paddock to undertake the completion of the work, and this was rendered unnecessary by the fortunate arrangement with the New York Botanical Garden, by which Dr. Rydberg took our collection for naming, and undertook the preparation of the Flora for publication. With the facilities of the Garden and the cordial aid given by Dr. Britton and Dr. Rydberg, and the special knowledge of Rocky Mountain Botany of Dr. Rydberg, it became possible to make this include much more than our own collection, which had been the original idea. The unrivaled and almost exhaustive collections accessible to them, the completeness of the knowledge of Dr. Rydberg, have made this a much more extensive and consequently much more valuable work than was originally designed. It therefore includes the work of nearly all collectors from the earliest times, and may be considered an exhaustive list of the plants at present known in Colorado. The extent of the service may be recognized when it is stated that while our own collection numbered about 1,400 plants, this Flora includes 2,912, a number greater than is known for any other State except California. The amount of work involved in its preparation, supplying keys to the genera and families, and the completeness of the work speak for themselves. Acknowledgment should also be gratefully given to the State Board of Agriculture, and especially to Hon. P. F. Sharp, President of the Board, without whose assistance, encouragement and financial aid it would not have been possible for the Station to consider the completion and publication of a work of such magnitude. At one time it was proposed to lessen the expense by issuing a part of the edition as a College bulletin at a fixed price, but the Board took the liberal view that the saving would not compensate for the other disadvantages and that the generous friendliness of the State would justify the special effort in putting this at the service of those needing it, and thus the Station is enabled to issue the Flora as one of its bulletin series. It is believed that the publication will be of use to all systematic botanists, to the schools of the State, to those interested in the economic study of Colorado plants, as well as to all those interested in the fascinating Flora of the Plains and Mountains of Colorado. It is a necessary step in the systematic and economic study of our plants. The preparation of the copy, keys and index has all been assumed by Dr. Rydberg, and also the laborious task of reading the proof. In addition the proof has been read by Professor Paddock and by the undersigned, but in the latter case attention was directed principally to the places and elevations. L. G. CARPENTER. Table of Contents Preface Introduction Key to the Orders Subkingdom Pteridophyta Order 1. Ophioglossales Family 1. Ophioglossaceae Order 2. Filicales Family 2. Polypodiaceae Order 3. Salviniales Family 3. Marsileaceae Order 4. Equisetales Family 4. Equisetaceae Order 5. Isoetales Family 5. Isoetaceae Order 6. Lycopodiales Family 6. Lycopodiaceae Family 7. Selaginellaceae Subkingdom Spermatophyta Class 1. Gymnospermae Order 7. Finales 4 Family 8. Pinaceae Family 9. Juniperaceae Order 8. Gnetales Family 10. Ephedraceae Class 2. Angiospermae Subclass 1. Monocotyledones Order 9. Pandanales Family 11. Typhaceae Family 12. Sparganiaceae Order 10. Naiadales Family 13. Zanichelliaceae Family 14. Naiadaceae Order 11. Alismales Family 15. Scheuchseriaceae Family 16. Alismaceae Order 12. Hydrocharitales Family 17. Elodiaceae Order 13. Poales Family 18. Poaceae Family 19. Cyperaceae Order 14. Arales Family 20. Araceae Family 21. Lemnaceae Order 15. Xyridales Family 22. Commelinaceae Family 23. Pontederiaceae Order 16. Liliales Family 24. Melanthaceae Family 25. Juncaceae Family 26. Alliaceae Family 27. Liliaceae Family 28. Convallariaceae Family 29. Dracaenaceae Family 30. Calochortaceae Family 31. Trilliaceae Family 32. Smilaceae Order 17. Amaryllidales Family 33. Ixiaceae Order 18. Orchidales Family 34. Orchidaceae Subclass 2. Dicotyledones Order 19. Salicales Family 35. Salicaceae Order 20. Fagales Family 36. Betulaceae Family 37. Corylaceae Family 38. Fagaceae Order 21. Urticales Family 39. Urticaceae Family 40. Cannabinaceae Family 41. Ulmaceae Order 22. Santalales Family 42. Loranthaceae Family 43. Santalaceae Order 23. Polygonales Family 44. Polygonaceae Order 24. Chenopodiales Family 45. Chenopodiaceae Family 46. Amaranthaceae Family 47. Corrigiolaceae Family 48. Allioniaceae Family 49. Tetragoniaceae Family 50. Portulacaceae Family 51. Alsinaceae Family 52. Caryophyllaceae Order 25. Ranales Family 53. Ceratophyllaceae Family 54. Ranunculaceae Family 55. Nymphaeaceae Family 56. Berberidaceae Order 26. Papaverales Family 57. Papaveraceae Family 58. Fumariaceae Family 59. Brassicaceae Family 60. Capparidaceae Order 27. Resales Family 61. Crassulaceae Family 62. Saxifragaceae Family 63. Parnassiaceae Family 64. Hydrangeaceae Family 65. Grossulariaceae Family 66. Rosaceae Family 67. Malaceae Family 68. Amygdalaceae Family 69. Mimpsaceae Family 70. Cassiaceae Family 71. Fabaceae Order 28. Geraniales Family 72. Geraniaceae Family 73. Linaceae Family 74. Oxalidaceae Family 75. Zygophyllaceae Family 76. Rutaceae Order 29. Polygalales Family 77. Polygalaceae Order 30. Euphorbiales Family 78. Euphorbiaceae Family 79. Callitrichaceae Order 31. Sapindales Family 80. Limnanthaceae Family 81. Spondiaceae Family 82. Celastraceae Family 83. Aceraceae Order 32. Rhamnales Family 84. Frangulaceae Family 85. Vitaceae Order 33. Malvales Family 86. Malvaceae Order 34. Hypericales Family 87. Elatinaceae Family 88. Frankeniaceae Family 89. Hypericaceae Family 90. Cistaceae Family 91. Violaceae Order 35. Opuntiales Family 92. Loasaceae Family 93. Cactaceae Order 36. Thymeliales Family 94. Elaeagnaceae Order 37. Myrtales Family 95. Lythraceae Family 96. Epilobiaceae Family 97. Gunneraceae Order 38. Umbellales Family 98. Hederaceae Family 99. Cornaceae Family 100. Ammiaceae Order 39. Ericales Family 101. Monotropaceae Family 102. Pyrolaceae Family 103. Ericaceae Family 104. Vacciniaceae Order 40. Prinulales Family 105. Primulaceae Order 41. Oleales Family 106. Oleaceae Order 42. Gentianales Family 107. Gentianaceae Family 108. Menyanthaceae Order 43. Asclepiadales Family 109. Apocynaceae Family 110. Asclepiadaceae Order 44. Polemoniales Family 111. Cuscutaceae Family 112. Convolvulaceae Family 113. Polemoniaceae Family 114. Hydroleaceae Family 115. Heliotropaceae Family 116. Boraginaceae Family 117. Verbenaceae Family 118. Lamiaceae Family 119. Solanaceae Family 120. Rhinanthaceae Family 121. Pinguiculaceae Family 122. Orobanchaceae Family 123. Martyniaceae Order 45. Plantaginales Family 124. Plantaginaceae Order 46. Rubiales Family 125. Rubiaceae Family 126. Capri foliaceae Family 127. Adoxaceae Order 47. Campanulales Family 128. Cucurbitaceae Family 129. Campanulaceae Family 130. Lobeliaceae Order 48. Valerianales Family 131. Valerianaceae Order 49. Carduales Family 132. Ambrosiaceae Family 133. Carduaceae Family 134. Cichoriaceae Summary Gazetteer of Localities Mentioned Index End of Preview.
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