This book is included in the Self Reliance Transportation section.
Preface THE aim of the author has been to present a true record of the principal seagoing concrete ships actually built up to the present, and to analyse the merits of these ships in comparison with ships built of steel and wood. The main part of this book is based on personal experience gained in the construction of about thirty vessels of concrete during the past five years. The information referring to ships built by others has been obtained partly through correspondence with the designers, builders, or owners, and partly from statements published by them in the engineering press. As far as possible, facts have been ascertained from official documents, and reference to the source of information is made in each case. The calculations are condensed in the Appendix and have, been avoided in the general text in order to facilitate the reading for shipping people and others, who will play an important part in the further development of the new type of ships without being concerned in the technical side of the question. The usual methods of calculating displacement, speed, etc., found in standard works on naval architecture, have been omitted, as they are practically identical for concrete ships. Numerous technical papers and articles on concrete ships have appeared in the press, but unfortunately the hopes or opinions expressed have frequently been based on anticipation rather than on actual experience. The result has been a mass of conflicting reports which have caused much confusion on the subject. If the present book should aid in clearly establishing the true status of the best type of seagoing concrete ship to-day, and thus form a basis for further development, the author's chief object will be accomplished. N. K. F. CHRISTIANIA, 1922. Contents CHAPTER I - INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER II - THE FIRST SEAGOING CONCRETE SHIP Preliminary Consideration. Government Permit. Assumptions for Calculation Purposes. Method of Construction. Engine Foundations and Stern Post. Concreting. Equipment. Launching. Trials. Docking for Inspection. Results of Experiment. CHAPTER III - M.S. STIER AND M.S. ASKELAD Negotiations. M.S. Stier. Strength Calculations. Constructional Details. Construction. Official Trials. M.S. Askelad. Constructional Details. Official Trials. The First North Sea Trip. Subsequent Service. Summary of Results. CHAPTER IV - COMPARISON OF SOME SHIPS BUILT TO CLASS WITH THE AUTHOR'S TRIAL SHIPS Classification of Concrete Ships. Comparative Values of Cargo Carriers. American Concrete Ships. S.S. Selma and Latham; S.S. Cape Fear and Sapona. CHAPTER V - CONCRETE TUGS, FLOATING DOCKS, LIGHTSHIPS, AND LIGHTERS The First Concrete Tug. The First Concrete Floating Dock. The First Concrete Lightship. Concrete Water-carrier. Concrete Lighters. CHAPTER VI - SHIPS BUILT IN THE UNITED STATES The Faith. U.S. Shipping Board Investigations. The First U.S. Standard Concrete Ship. Ships actually completed. Oil-Tankers. Oil- Storage generally. CHAPTER VII - DAMAGES AND REPAIRS M.S. Askelad. M.S. Nicanor. M.S. Stier. S.S. Polias. CHAPTER VIII - COMPARISONS OF CONCRETE SHIPS WITH STEEL SHIPS First Cost. Units of Material and Labour per Ton. Examples of Costs. Speed. Strength. Running Expenses. The Future of the Concrete Ship. CHAPTER IX - SHIPBUILDING CONCRETE Introductory. Portland Cement. Water. Aggregate. Impurities in Aggregate. Sand. Light-weight Aggregate. Proportions of Mixture. Mixing. Placing and Curing. Steam Curing. Freezing Vibration, Pressure, etc. Compressive Strength. Shear Strength. Bond Strength. Elasticity. Watertightness. Contraction and Expansion. Trass Concrete. Action of Sea-water. Action of Oils, etc. Repairs. Fire-resisting Power. CHAPTER X - STEEL REINFORCEMENT Types. Quality. High-Carbon Steel. CHAPTER XI - CONDITIONS GOVERNING STRUCTURAL DESIGN Theory of Design. Side Frames. Bottom Frames. Centre Keelson. Longitudinal Strength. Strength of Shell Slab. Watertight Bulkheads. Norwegian Government Requirements. Deflection Test on Lighter. CHAPTER XII - GENERAL METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION Preliminary Work. Bottom Floor Prepared. Outside Centring Completed. Bottom and Side Reinforcement in Place. Frame Centring and Reinforcement in Place. Deck Centring in Place. Centring and Reinforcement Completed. Concreting. Concreting Finished. Cement Finish. Cement-Gun Concreting. CHAPTER XIII - SOME SPECIAL METHODS OF CONSTRUCTION AND PARTICULAR SHIPS M.S. R. P. Durham. M.S. Linnea. "Pre-cast" Systems. S.S. Armistice. S.S. Bartels. Present Tonnage of Concrete Ships. Author's Recommendations. APPENDIX STRENGTH CALCULATIONS FOR M.S. ASKELAD. INDEX End of Preview.
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