This book is included in the Medical Specialties, Veterinary Medicine & Emergency Situations section.
PREFACE
This field manual (FM) provides doctrine, as well as techniques and procedures for conducting medical evacuation and medical regulating operations. Medical evacuation encompasses both the evacuation of Soldiers from the point of injury (POI) or wounding to a medical treatment facility (MTF) staffed and equipped to provide essential care in theater and further evacuation from the theater to provide definitive, rehabilitative, and convalescent care in the continental United States (CONUS) and the movement of patients between MTFs or to staging facilities. Medical evacuation entails the provision of en route medical care; supports the joint health service support (JHSS) system; and links the continuum of care. In addition, it discusses the difference between medical evacuation and casualty evacuation (CASEVAC), as well as coordination requirements for and the use of nonmedical transportation assets to accomplish the CASEVAC mission. This publication is intended for use by medical commanders and their staffs, command surgeons, and nonmedical commanders involved in medical evacuation operations. Users of this publication are encouraged to submit comments and recommendations to improve this publication. Comments should include the page, paragraph, and line(s) of the text where the change is recommended. The proponent for this publication is the United States (US) Army Medical Department (AMEDD) Center and School (USAMEDDC&S). Comments and recommendations should be forwarded, in letter format, directly to Commander, USAMEDDC&S, ATTN: MCCS-FCD-L, 1400 East Grayson Street, Fort Sam Houston, Texas 78234-5052 or by using the e-mail address: medicaldoctrine@amedd.army.mil. This publication applies to the Active Army, the Army National Guard (ARNG)/Army National Guard of the United States (ARNGUS), and the U.S. Army Reserve (USAR), unless otherwise stated. Unless this publication states otherwise, masculine nouns and pronouns do not refer exclusively to men. Use of trade or brand names in this publication is for illustrative purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the Department of Defense (DOD). The staffing and organization structure presented in this publication reflects those established in base tables of organization and equipment (TOE) and are current as of the publication print date. However, such staffing is subject to change to comply with manpower requirements criteria outlined in Army Regulation (AR) 71-32. Those requirements criteria are also subject to change if the modification table of organization and equipment (MTOE) is significantly altered. CONTENTS PREFACE INTRODUCTION Chapter 1 OVERVIEW OF ARMY HEALTH SYSTEM OPERATIONS AND MEDICAL EVACUATION Section I ― Army Health System Principles of Army Health System Battlefield Rules Section II ― Medical Evacuation Purpose Attributes Section III — Medical Evacuation Versus Casualty Evacuation Medical Evacuation Casualty Evacuation Section IV — Theater Evacuation Policy Establishing the Theater Evacuation Policy Factors Determining the Theater Evacuation Policy Impact of the Evacuation Policy on Army Health System Requirements Chapter 2 MEDICAL EVACUATION RESOURCES Section I ― Maneuver Battalion Medical Platoon Ambulances Medical Platoon Ambulance Squads Maneuver Unit Medical Platoon Section II ― Ambulance/Evacuation Platoon—Forward Support, Brigade Support, or Area Support Medical Company Medical Companies Section III ― Medical Company (Ground Ambulance) Operational Information Section IV ― Multifunctional Medical Battalion Modular Force Multifunctional Medical Battalion Early Entry Element, Multifunctional Medical Battalion Campaign Support Element, Multifunctional Medical Battalion Section V ― General Support Aviation Battalion, Combat Aviation Brigade General Support Aviation Battalion Medical Company, Air Ambulance (HH-60), General Support Aviation Battalion, Aviation Maintenance Company, Aviation Unit Maintenance, General Support Combat Aviation Brigade Aviation Battalion, Combat Aviation Brigade Medical Command Medical Brigade Chapter 3 OPERATIONAL AND TACTICAL EVACUATION PLANNING Section I ― Theater Medical Evacuation Planning Responsibilities Joint Planning Medical Command and Control Organizations Section II ― Planning Process Evacuation Plans and Orders Medical Evacuation Tools Chapter 4 ARMY MEDICAL EVACUATION Section I ― Medical Evacuation Support Evacuation Precedence Section II ― Medical Evacuation Requests Ground Evacuation Request Air Evacuation Request Joint Interconnectivity Section III ― Medical Evacuation Units, Elements, and Platforms Considerations Medical Evacuation Support Protocol Section IV ― Medical Evacuation at Unit Level Considerations for Medical Evacuation Missions Section V ― Exchange of Property Property Exchange and Patient Movement Items Section VI ― Medical Evacuation Support for the Offense, the Defense, and Stability Operations Medical Evacuation Support for the Offense Medical Evacuation Support for the Defense Medical Evacuation Support for Stability Operations Section VII ― Medical Evacuation Support for Enabling/Shaping Operations Passage of Lines Section VIII ― Special Forces Operations Section IX ― Urban Operations Terrain and Environment Section X ― Homeland Security Homeland Defense Civil Support Section XI ― Other Types of Medical Evacuation Support Missions Evacuation of Military Working Dogs Personnel Recovery Operations Shore-to-Ship Evacuation Operations Medical Evacuation of Enemy Prisoners of War and Detainees Section XII ― Medical Evacuation Request Chapter 5 MEDICAL EVACUATION IN SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENTS Section I ― Mountain Operations Section II ― Jungle Operations Section III ― Desert Operations Section IV ― Extreme Cold Weather Operations Section V ― Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Environments Section VI ― Shore-to-Ship Evacuation Operations Section VII ― Airborne and Air Assault Operations Chapter 6 MEDICAL REGULATING General Purpose of Medical Regulating Medical Regulating Terminology Medical Regulating for the Division Medical Regulating Within the Combat Zone Medical Regulating From the Combat Zone to Echelons Above Corps Medical Regulating Within Echelons Above Corps Intertheater Medical Regulating Mobile Aeromedical Staging Facility Limitations of the United States Air Force Theater Aeromedical Evacuation System Originating Medical Facility's Responsibilities Medical Regulating for Army Special Operations Forces Appendix A GENEVA CONVENTIONS AND MEDICAL EVACUATIONS Distinctive Markings and Camouflage of Medical Facilities and Evacuation Platforms Self-Defense and Defense of Patients Enemy Prisoners of War/Detainees Compliance with the Geneva Conventions Perception of Impropriety Appendix B Legacy Units Section I―Medical Evacuation Battalion Section II―Medical Company, Air Ambulance Appendix C TACTICAL STANDING OPERATING PROCEDURES Purpose Appendix D EXAMPLE OF THE MEDICAL EVACUATION PLAN AND OF THE OPERATIONS ORDER Section I―Example Format of the Medical Evacuation Plan Section II―Example Format for an Operations Order Appendix E USE OF SMOKE AND OBSCURANTS IN MEDICAL EVACUATION OPERATIONS Tactical Commander Factors to Consider Employment of Smoke and Obscurants Geneva Conventions and the Use of Smoke and Obscurants in Medical Evacuation Operations Use of Smoke in Aeromedical Evacuation and Hoist Rescue Operations Employment of Smoke in Ground Medical Evacuation Operations Appendix F EVACUATION CAPABILITIES OF UNITED STATES FORCES Evacuation Capabilities of United States Air Force Aircraft Evacuation Capabilities of United States Army Vehicles and Aircraft Evacuation Capabilities of United States Navy Ships, Watercraft, and Rotary-Wing Aircraft Appendix G SELECTION OF PATIENTS FOR AEROMEDICAL EVACUATION AND PATIENT CLASSIFICATION CODES AND PRECEDENCE Briefing of Patients Prior to Aeromedical Evacuation Appendix H TROOP LEADING PROCEDURES, PRECOMBAT CHECKS/PRECOMBAT INSPECTIONS, AND LEADER CHECKLISTS Section I―Troop Leading Procedures The Eight Steps of Troop Leading Procedures Section II―Precombat Checks and Precombat Inspections Section III―Leader Checklists General Considerations Landing Zone Operations Appendix I SAFETY ON THE BATTLEFIELD Section I ― General Common Accidents Severe Accidents Vehicle Convoy Operations Fire Prevention Section II ― Assembly Area Operations Safety Officer/Noncommissioned Officer Pyrotechnics Section III ― Protecting the Soldier Environmental Considerations Environmental Duties Unit Planning Fighter Management Fatigue in Flying Operations Operational Tempo and Battle Rhythm Section IV ― Accident/Incident Reporting GLOSSARY REFERENCES INDEX End of Preview.
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