This book is included in the Self Reliance Gardening section.
Contents
Contributors ix
Foreword xiv
Preface xv
Chapter I - World Aquaculture and its Future
Role
The State of Aquaculture
Aquaculture and Integrated Rural Development, with Special Reference to
Economic Factors
Legal, Social and Economic Aspects of Aquaculture
Problems of Large Scale Vertically-Integrated Aquaculture
Development of Vertically Integrated Fish Farming in Europe
The Status of Vertically Integrated Aquaculture Industry in the United
States
The Aquaculture Industry in Japan Its Present and Future
Aquaculture in the Southern United States.
Role of Aquaculture in Water Resource Development; A Case Study of the
Lower Mekong Basin Project
Status and Problems of Culture of Baitfish for the Skipjack Fishery in
the Pacific Region
Insurance and Risk Management for the Aquaculture Industry
Risks. Mortality and Insurance of Furopcan Trout Farms
Strategy for Future Development of Aquaculture in Japan
Credit for Aquaculture
Research and Extension Services for Aquaculture Development
A Role for Private Contract Research in the Development of Fish Farming
International Aspects of Disease Control in Aquaculture
Chapter II - Finfish Culture in Ponds
Physical Problems in Fish Farm Construction
Planning, Design and Construction of a Coastal Milkfish Farm
Hydrometeorology in Pond Fish Culture
Lime Requirement and Application in Fish Ponds
New Trends in Fish Farm Management
Problems of Warmwater Fish Seed Production
Enhancing Production of Indian Major Carp Fry & Fingerlings by Use of
Growth Promoting Substances
Preservation of Trout Spermaio/oa for Varying Periods
The Development of a Nursery Technique for Rearing Turbot. Seophthalmus
maximus, from Metamorphosis to Ongrowing Size Progress Since 1970 by the
British White Fish Authority
Preliminary Aquarium Observations on Incubation & Rearing of Atherinidi.
(Chirosioma spp.) in Lake Paucuaro. Michoacan
Intensive Culture of Indian Major Carps
Some Experiments on Intensive Farming of Common Carp in Poland
The Culture of Common Carp in Japan
Culture of Male Tilapia mossambica Produced Through Artificial Sex
Reversal
Effects of High Density Culture & Form of Feed on Reproduction & Yield
of Tilapia aurea
Trout Culture in Sea Water in the Fier d'Ars, Island of Re (France)
Fish Breeding in Sea Water: New Results Obtained in France with Respect
to Research & Development
Preliminary Observations Related to Culture of Rhamdia hllariL a
Brazilian Catfish
Studies on the Culture of the Threadfin, Polydactylus sexfilis, in
Hawaii
Flavour Problems in Fish Culture
Fish Diseases and their Control in Aquaculture
Epidemic Fish Diseases and their Control in Japan
A Preliminary Report on Fish Diseases and their Control in Colombia
The Feasibility of Combining Animal Husbandry with Fish Farming, with
Special Reference to Duck & Pig Production
Rice Paddy Aquaculture, Its Situation and Future Role
Rice Fish Culture and the Green Revolution
The Economics of Various Management Techniques for Pond Culture of
Finfish
Fish Production Costs Using Alternative Systems and the Economic
Advantages of Double Cropping
A Proposal for Economic Investigations of Fish Farms with Special
Reference to Book-Keeping & Financial Analysis
Chapter III -
Culture of Crustaceans
Progress in Shrimp Culture Techniques and the Production
of Juveniles
Recent Progress in the Farming of Kuruma Shrimp
The Culture of Commercial Prawns (Pcnacids) in Argentina & the
Possibility of Producing them on a Large Scale
Controlled Reproduction of the Shrimp Penaeus japonicus
Studies on the Maturation and Spawning of Penaeus japonicus in captivity
Experimental Rearing of Larval Stages of the White Shrimp
Penaeus schmitti & the Pink Shrimp Penaeus duorarum
notialis in the Laboratory
The Economics of Kuruma ebi (Penaeus japontcus) Shrimp Farming
The Culture of Freshwater Prawns: A Review
Culture of Freshwater Shrimps in Fertilized Ponds
Experimental Aquaculture of the Malaysian Prawn,
Macrobrachium rosenbergii. in South Carolina
Larval Development of Macrohrachium tenellum in El Salvador
Various Aspects of Culturing the American Lobster,
Homarus americanus
Rearing Larvae and Post-Larvae of the King Crab
The Brine Shrimp* Anemia salina: A Bottleneck in
Mariculture?
Chapter IV -
Culture of Molluscs
Oyster Culture-- A World Review
The Status of Pacific Oyster Culture in Japan
Culture of Pacific Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) in Containers in German
Coastal Waters
Experiments in Mangrove Oyster Culture (Crassostrea
rhizophorae)
Tropical Mangrove Oyster Culture: Problems and
Prospects
Oyster Mortalities and their Control
Culture of the Mussel. Mytilus edulis and Possibilities for its
Expansion
Economic Aspects of Mussel Farming
Settlement and Survival of Giant Scallop Larvae on Enclosed Polyethylene
Film Collectors
Pearl Farming in Japan
Shellfish Purification: A Review of Current
Technology
Chapter V -
Culture of Algae and Seaweeds
Developments in the Culture of Algae & Seaweeds &
the Future of the Industry
Seaweed Aquaculture in the Northwest Pacific
The Industrial Development of Farmed Marine Algae:
The Case History of Kucheuma in the Philippines & U.S.A.
Chapter VI -
Aquaculture in Raceways, Cages and
Enclosures
Selection of Sites and Design of Cages, Kishpens and
Net Enclosures for Aquaculture
Floating Cage Culture of Fish in the Lower Mekong Basin
A Review of Cage Fish Culture and its Application in
Africa
The Development of a Commercial Pacific Salmon Culture Business
Recent Developments in Cage and Enclosure Aqua culture in Norway
Coastal Culture of Yellowtail and Red Seabream in
Japan
Design of Floating Breakwaters
Progress in Farming Turbot in Floating Sea Cages
5. T. Hull and R. D. Mwards 466
Comparative Economics of Aquaculture in Cages,
Raceways and Enclosures
Chapter VII -
Wastes and Use of Recirculating Water
in Aquaculture
Recycling of Wastes Through Aquaculture* and Constraints
to Wider Application
Use of Agricultural and Urban Wastes in Fish Culture
Experiments in Recycling Swine Manure in Fishponds
Preliminary Bacteriological Studies on Wastewater
Fertilised Marine Fish Ponds. Humboldt Bay, Ca.
Utilisation of Heated Discharge Water from Electric Power Plants in
Aquaculture
Preliminary Fish Farming Experiments in Brackish-water
Thermal Effluents
Biological and Economic Aspects of Fish Production in a Closed Warm
Water System
A Technical and Economic Review of the Use of Reconditioned Water in
Aquaculture
A Model Closed System for Aquaculture Incorporating the Recycling of Wastes
An Experiment in Growing Rainbow Trout in Recirculated Water
Mariculture in Controlled Environment Seawater
Systems A Review of Research at the University of Delaware
Fish Culture in a Recirculating System with Water Treatment by Activated
Sludge
Chapter VIII -
Artificial Recruitment and
Transplantations
Improvement of Fishery Resources in Inland Waters
Through Stocking
Advances and Problems in Culture-Based Fisheries in Japan
Review of Transplantation and Artificial Recruitment
of Anadromous Species
Salmon Propagation in Japan
Atlantic Salmon Enhancement Techniques in Newfoundland
Stocking of Ayu in the Rivers
of Japan
Chapter IX -
Nutritional Requirements and Feed
Technology
Fish Nutrition and Fish Feed Manufacture
The Nutritional Requirements of Cultivated Warm water and Coldwater Fish
Species
Studies on the Nutrient Requirements of Rainbow Trout Grown in Sea Water and
Fresh Water
Recent Advances in Studies on Mineral Nutrition of Fish in Japan
Experimental Results on Penaeus japonicus: Specificity in
Nutritional Requirements (Proteins and Fatty Acids))
The Effect of Protein Levels and Sources on Growth
of Penaeus aztecus
Replacement of Fish Meal in Trout Feeds by Other
Feedstuffs
Evaluation of Squid Mantle Meal as a Protein Source
in Penaeid Nutrition
Nutritional Diseases in Channel Catfish
Chapter X -
Genetics and Genetic Improvement of
Fish
Genetic Improvement in Aquaculture Industry
Variation in Growth Rate and Age at Sexual Maturity
in Rainbow Trout
Comparisons of Growth and Survival of Channel Catfish from Distinct
Populations
Selection of Common Carp for
Resistance to Dropsy
Crossbreeding Hungarian Races of Common Carp to Develop More Productive
Hybrids
A Proposal for the Continuous Production of Hybrids Between the European and Chinese Races
of the Common Carp in Traditional Fish Farms of
Southeast Asia
Indices
Taxonomic index
Geographic index
Subject index
Foreword
It is my great pleasure to introduce this important publication. The
book contains most of the papers presented at
the FAO Technical Conference on Aquaculture held in Tokyo, Japan, 26
May-2 June 1976. It should be read in
conjunction with the report of the Conference itself (FAO Fisheries
Report No. 188, 1976) which contains a
number of recommendations based on discussion of these papers. Together
they constitute a comprehensive
review of recent technical developments as well as an analysis of
potentials and problems in this field of food
production.
The total yield from wild stocks of marine species of familiar types is
still increasing, but at a progressively
reduced rate. While the Law of the Sea Conference has not produced a
worldwide agreement, the new regime of
the sea based on the concept of exclusive economic zones is a reality as
far as fisheries are concerned. Thus, the
world is now facing problems of realigning marine fishing activities.
Growing attention is being paid to
aquaculture as a means to increase further the production of aquatic
food, particularly animal protein food.
To many countries aquaculture is something of a novelty. To others it
consists of traditional practices, some of
which have a history of many centuries. Some people view aquaculture as
a way to make further contributions to
the supply of animal protein food, while others consider it as a means
to raise high-priced aquatic species for
profit. Technically, aquaculture means many different things, ranging
from modest improvements in the
environment in which aquatic animals live, through extensive forms of
fish farming, to highly sophisticated
systems of intensive culture. A great variety of animals and plants arc
raised. While some forms of aquaculture
can almost be called industrial enterprises, small scale fish farming in
rural areas is of special importance to
villagers and farmers.
Most of the recommendations of the Conference contained in the report
are addressed to governments,
suggesting ways and means to expand aquaculture production by removing
technical, economic and social
constraints and providing incentives for increased input. In summary,
this book and the Conference report
together show what aquaculture is and what technical and other factors
are involved in expanding various systems
of culture and increasing their production.
The Conference was attended by some 600 people and about 120 papers were
contributed. It was the largest
fishery conference ever organized by FAO. Financially, it was made
possible by the generous offer of the
Government of Japan to host it and additional contributions from the
United Nations Development Programme,
and the Governments of Canada and the United States of America. I wish
to close these remarks by expressing
my sincere appreciation to all the people who made a great effort to
make this undertaking successful, including
the secretariat of the Conference, the authors of papers, those who
served as session conveners, the editors and
the publisher.
K. C. Lucas
Assistant Director-General (Fisheries)
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