This book is included in the Self Reliance Firearms & Weaponry section.
General Preface THE rapid development of Applied Chemistry in recent years has brought about a revolution in all branches of technology. This growth has been accelerated during the war, and the British Empire has now an opportunity of increasing its industrial output by the application of this knowledge to the raw materials available in the different parts of the world. The subject in this series of handbooks will be treated from the chemical rather than the engineering standpoint. The industrial aspect will also be more prominent than that of the laboratory. Each volume will be complete in itself, and will give a general survey of the industry, showing how chemical principles have been applied and have affected manufacture. The influence of new inventions on the development of the industry will be shown, as also the effect of industrial requirements in stimulating invention. Historical notes will be a feature in dealing with the different branches of the subject, but they will be kept within moderate limits. Present tendencies and possible future developments will have attention, and some space will be devoted to a comparison of industrial methods and progress in the chief producing countries. There will be a general bibliography, and also a select bibliography to follow each section. Statistical information will only be introduced in so far as it serves to illustrate the line of argument. Each book will be divided into sections instead of chapters, and the sections will deal with separate branches of the subject in the manner of a special article or monograph. An attempt will, in fact, be made to get away from the orthodox textbook manner, not only to make the treatment original, but also to appeal to the very large class of readers already possessing good textbooks, of which there are quite sufficient. The books should also be found useful by men of affairs having no special technical knowledge, but who may require from time to time to refer to technical matters in a book of moderate compass, with references to the large standard works for fuller details on special points if required. To the advanced student the books should be especially valuable. His mind is often crammed with the hard facts and details of his subject which crowd out the power of realizing the industry as a whole. These books are intended to remedy such a state of affairs. While recapitulating the essential basic facts, they will aim at presenting the reality of the living industry. It has long been a drawback of our technical education that the college graduate, on commencing his industrial career, is positively handicapped by his academic knowledge because of his lack of information on current industrial conditions. A book giving a comprehensive survey of the industry can be of very material assistance to the student as an adjunct to his ordinary textbooks, and this is one of the chief objects of the present series. Those actually engaged in the industry who have specialized in rather narrow limits will probably find these books more readable than the larger textbooks when they wish to refresh their memories in regard to branches of the subject with which they are not immediately concerned. The volume will also serve as a guide to the standard literature of the subject, and prove of value to the consultant, so that, having obtained a comprehensive view of the whole industry, he can go at once to the proper authorities for more elaborate information on special points, and thus save a couple of days spent in hunting through the libraries of scientific societies. As far as this country is concerned, it is believed that the general scheme of this series of handbooks is unique, and it is confidently hoped that it will supply mental munitions for the coming industrial war. I have been fortunate in securing writers for the different volumes who are specially connected with the several departments of Industrial Chemistry, and trust that the whole series will contribute to the further development of applied chemistry throughout the Empire. Samuel Rideal PUBLISHERS' NOTE We much regret that, owing to the continued and unexpected increase in the cost of printing since the Armistice, it has been found impossible to publish future volumes in the "Industrial Chemistry Series" at the price originally fixed of 7/6 each- If, as it is hoped, prices become more reasonable, we propose to revert as nearly as possible to the earlier arrangement. AUTHOR'S PREFACE IN the following pages the author has endeavoured to give a clear but concise account of the manufacture of explosives, together with an outline of the methods used for investigating this class of substance. The explosives industry is an important one, both in time of peace and in time of war, and is intimately bound up with the synthetic dyestuff and artificial fertilizer industries. These two latter industries are on the point of being established on what one trusts will be a secure basis in this country, and probably the explosives industry will expand with them. The experience gained by the troops and by the munition workers during the war in the handling and use of explosives should have largely removed the distrust in which these bodies are usually held, and at the same time have demonstrated their manifold uses. It is certain that prior to the war the use of explosives in this country was far too restricted, only small quantities being used for agricultural purposes, such as breaking up subsoil, drainage, etc. In the future it is hoped that they will be more extensively used for general purposes, and this will no doubt prove to be the case if they are made available at a low price. The enormous nitrating plants established for war purposes and the advent of synthetic ammonium nitrate should render this possible with nitrate of ammonia explosives. The author has devoted a special section to Coal Mine Explosives, as the importance of the subject seems to warrant special treatment. It is hoped that the British Government will divert some of the money that is to be expended on "Scientific Research" to the investigation of shot firing in coal mines, as up to the present they seem to have rested content with carrying out the official tests. It is rather depressing to find that, in spite of our enormous coal fields, we carry out less work on coal mine explosives than any of the important coal-getting countries in either hemisphere. There seems to be no British publication analogous to the excellent "Bulletins of the U.S. Bureau of Mines" or the "Bulletins of the U.S. Bureau of Explosives" The author wishes to acknowledge his indebtedness to C. A. Marshall's invaluable work "Explosives; their History, Manufacture, Properties and Uses," in which the industry is treated in far greater detail than is possible in a volume of this size. E. DE BARRY BARNETT. June, 1919. CONTENTS GENERAL PREFACE AUTHOR'S PREFACE ABBREVIATIONS INTRODUCTION Historical Sketch. Explosives Act, 1875. Buildings and Safety. Imports and Consumption. Official Classification. Bibliography SECTION I.- GUNPOWDER Composition. First Mixing. Incorporating or Milling. Pressing. Granulating or Corning. Glazing. Stoving or Drying. Blending. Moulding. Sodium Nitrate Powders. Sprengsalpeter. Bobbinite. Stability, etc. Literature SECTION II. - EXPLOSIVE COMPOUNDS Nitroglycerine. Nitrating House. Separating House. Wash and Filter House. After-Separation. Nitrator-Separator Nitrocellulose. Guncotton. Abel Process. Direct Dipping Process. Displacement Process. Nitrating Centrifugals. Collodion. Washing. Pulping Nitroaromatic Compounds. Dinitrobenzole. Dinitrotoluol. Trinitrotoluol. Picric Acid. Tetranitroaniline. Tetranitromethylaniline Miscellaneous Compounds. Nitromethane. Tetranitromethane. Nitrosugars. Nitro-mannitol. Nitro-starch. Hexanitrodiphenylamine. Hexanitrodiphenyl Sulphide. Hexanitrodiphenyl Oxide. Hexanitrooxanilide. Hexanitrodiphenyl Spent Acids. Literature SECTION III. - SMOKELESS PROPELLANTS PROPELLANTS FOR RIFLED ARMS. Nitroglycerine Propellants. Ballistite. Cordite Mark I. Cordite M.D. Filite. Solenite. Wiirfelpulver. Rohrenpulver. Axite. Moddite Nitrocellulose Propellants. U.S. Military Powder. Poudre B. PROPELLANTS FOR SHOT GUNS 33-grain Powders. 42-grain Powders. Schultze Powder. Amberite. E.G. Powder. Smokeless Diamond. Poudre S. Poudre J, Poudre M. Poudre T. Mullerite. Fasan. Tiger. Rothweil. Walsrode. Adler-Marke Aliphatic Solvents. Literature SECTION IV. - BLASTING EXPLOSIVES Dynamite and its Congeners. Dynamite No. I. Dynamite No. 2. Dynamite No. 3. Giant Powder. French Dynamites. Carbodynamite. American Straight Dynamites. Ammonia Dynamite. Judson Powder. Vulcan Powder. Stump Powder. Low Powder Gelatinized Explosives. Blasting Gelatine. Gelatine Dynamite. Gelignite. American Gelatins. French Gommes. Forcite Chlorate and Perchlorate Mixtures. Sprengel Explosives. Promethee. Rack-a-Rock. Liquid Air Explosives. Cheddite. Steelite. Yonckite. Blastine. Pernitral Ammonium Nitrate Explosives. Astralit. Fulmenit. Ammonal. Gesteins-Westfalit Tonite. Literature SECTION V - SAFETY COAL MINE EXPLOSIVES Duration of Flame. Test Galleries. German Gallery. Austrian Gallery. Belgian Gallery. French Gallery. U.S. Gallery. British Gallery. Rotherham Test. British Permitted Explosives. Bobbinite. German Explosives. Austrian Explosives. Belgian Explosifs S.G.P. French Explosifs de Surete. Literature SECTION VI. - PERCUSSION CAPS, DETONATORS AND FUZES Caps and Detonators. Mercury Fulminate. Lead Azide. Percussion Caps. Wet Mixing. Dry Mixing. Jelly Bag. Triplex Safety Glass. Cap Filling. Detonators. Composite Detonators. Sizes of Detonators. Filling Detonators, Testing Detonators. Electric Detonators 143 Fuzes. Safety Fuze. Instantaneous Fuze. Quick-Match. Slow-Match. Detonating Fuze. Shell Fuzes Literature SECTION VI. - MATCHES, PYROPHORIC ALLOYS AND PYROTECHNY Matches; Pyrophoric Alloys; Pyrotechny; Literature SECTION VIII. - EXPLOSIVE PROPERTIES Power and Brisance. Trauzl Lead Block. Mortar. Ballistic Pendulum. Brisance Meter Velocity of Detonation. Mettegang Recorder. Dautrich's Method. Influence of Diameter and Density. Nitroglycerine. American Straight Dynamites. Gelatinized Explosives and Ammonia Dynamites. Tables Pressure, Heat and Temperature. Rodman Gauge. Crusher Gauge. Bichel Recorder. Peteval Recorder. Bombs and Bomb-Calorimeters. Calculation of Temperature Chronography. Internal and External Ballistics. Le Boulange Chronograph. Klepsydra. Bashforth Chronograph. Schultze-Marcel-Dieprez Chronograph. Mahieu Chronograph Literature SECTION IX. - SENSITIVENESS AND STABILITY Mechanical Shock. Detonation. Influence. Heat and Ignition. Incorporation. Deliquescence. Exudation. Abel Heat Test. Guttmann Test. Moir Test. Spica Test. Vieille Test. Waltham Abbey Silvered Vessel Test. German 135C. Test. Will Test Literature CONCLUSION INDEX End of Preview RETURN to Main Titles Index or Self Reliance Firearms & Weaponry
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