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PREFACE TO FOURTH EDITION.
SINCE the publication of the third edition of this
work, the subject matter of organic chemistry has been so much extended that, in
issuing a new edition, it has been necessary to allot the revision to
specialists, each entrusted with the task of bringing a particular section up to
date. This is, indeed, -the plan that the distinguished author of the work had
in view during the latter years of his life when the question of revision was
pressing upon him. Under this arrangement, the work has been almost entirely
rewritten so that practically only the general plan of the earlier editions has
been retained. Much descriptive matter now fully treated in text-books on
chemistry and technology has been omitted, the object being to limit the work to
its specific field of "Commercial Organic Analysis." It has been necessary to
make some changes in the distribution of topics. Examination of Malt has been
transferred to the section on Malt Liquors. The subject of Cellulose Nitrates
has been transferred to the section on Smokeless Explosives, being included in
the revised Volume II. Special articles on Yeast and on Paper and Paper-making
Materials have been added to the present volume. A uniform system of
nomenclature and abbreviations has been established and will be followed
throughout the work. The decimal system of weights and measures will be used,
except when special conditions render other standards necessary. Unless
otherwise stated, all temperatures are centigrade and all readings of scale and
arc positive. By the selection of contributors from both sides of the Atlantic,
the work has been made more distinctly international and thus better adapted to
its wide field of usefulness. The editors, appreciating deeply the honour of
directing the revision of a work that since its appearance has been in the front
rank of authorities in the chemical laboratory, have endeavoured to be worthy of
the task and of the cooperation of the contributors, and hope that the revised
edition will maintain the reputation of the work as the most comprehensive and
most representative treatise on '''Commercial Organic Analysis" in any language.
NOVEMBER, 1909.
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION. - By WILLIAM A. DAVIS.
Preliminary Examination, 3; Specific Gravity, 4; Changes in
Physical State, 16; Optical Properties, 22; Spectrometers and Spectrographs, 33;
Polarimeters, 41; Arrangements for Maintaining Known Constant Temperature, 53;
Ultimate Analysis, 57; Moisture, Crude Fibre and Ash, 64; Action of Solvents,
76.
ALCOHOLS. - By G. C. JONES
Methyl Alcohol, 85; Wood, Naphtha, Wood Spirit, 99; Ethyl
Alcohol, 100.
MALT AND MALT LIQUORS. - By JULIAN L. BAKER.
Malt, 133; Malt Substitutes, 143; Malt Extract, 145;
Beer and Ale, 149.
WINES AND POTABLE SPIRITS. - By G. C. JONES.
Wines, 165; Cider, 187; Potable Spirits, 187.
YEAST. - By EMIL SCHLICHTING.
Yeast, 205; Pure Culture Yeasts, 216; Compressed
Yeast, 219.
NEUTRAL ALCOHOLIC DERIVATIVES. - By HENRY LEFFMANN.
Ether, 227; Esters, 231; Aldehydes, 253; Derivatives
of Aldehydes, 268.
SUGARS. - By E. FRANKLAND ARMSTRONG.
Classification, 285; Synopsis of Properties, 287, 288;
General Analytic Methods, 296; Sucrose, 338; Maltose, 361; Lactose, 365;
Glucoses, 372; Honey, 383; Maple Products, 388; Glucosides, 391; Diabetic Urine,
393; Pentoses, 400.
STARCH AND ISOMERS. - By E. FRANKLAND ARMSTRONG.
Starch, 405, 407; Dextrin, 427; Cellulose, 429;
Agar-agar, 437; Gums, 438; Proximate Analysis of Plants, 445; Cereals, 450;
Flour, 453; Bread, 458; Mixed Flours, 461.
PAPER AND PAPER-MAKING MATERIALS. - By R. W. SINDALL.
Paper, 465; Physical Properties, 467; Wood Pulp, 480.
ACID DERIVATIVES OF ALCOHOLS. - By HENRY LEFFMAN.
General Reactions, 485; Acetic Acid, 488; Vinegar,
495; Homologues of Acetic Acid, 514; Oxalic Acid, 527; Succinic Acid, 531; Malic
Acid, 533; Tartaric Acid, 536; Citric Acid, 555.
APPENDIX.
Detection of Lead, 569.
INDEX. 571
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