This book is included in the Self Reliance - Clothing & Textiles section.
Preface
Since the revision of this work was first undertaken in 1907, a considerable amount of literature has appeared and many new methods of analysis have been devised. It, therefore, became desirable to issue a supplementary volume bringing the text, especially that of the earlier volumes, up to date. The new articles have, as far as possible, been written by the contributors to the earlier volumes, but, in a few cases, pressure of other work caused by the outbreak of war has made it necessary to entrust the revision to other hands. A complete general index has also been prepared which is hoped will make the subject matter of the whole work more easily accessible. The editors and publishers again wish to thank the various contributors for their valuable and willing cooperation in bringing the work to completion. Contents ALCOHOLS - G. C. JONES. Methyl Alcohol, 1 ; Ethyl Alcohol, 4. MALT AND BREWING MATERIALS. - G. C. JONES. Malt, 5; Roasted Malt and Barley, 6; Brown and Crystal Malts, 6; Caramel, 7; Invert Sugar, 7; Starch Sugars, 10; Beer, 11. WINES AND SPIRITS. - G. C. JONES. Physico-chemical Analysis of Wines, 13. YEAST. - EMIL SCHLICHTING AND H. WlNTHER. Physical Properties, 15; Classification, 15; Chemical Composition, 15; Fermenting Enzyme, 16; Testing of Yeast, 16; Dry Yeast, 16. NEUTRAL ALCOHOLIC DERIVATIVES, SUGARS. - W. A. DAVIS. Solution Densities, 19; Dextrose, 20; Lsevulose, 20; Maltose, 20; Refractometer Values, 21; Refractive Index and Water Content of Sugar Solutions, 21 ; General Methods, 22; Gravimetric Methods for Reducing Sugars, 24; Brown, Morris and Millar's Method, 24; Reducing Power of Dextrose, Laevulose and Invert Sugar, 27; Reducing Power of Maltose, 27; Provisional United States A. O. A. C. Gravimetric Method for Reducing Sugars, 28; Table for Calculating Dextrose, Invert Sugar Alone, Invert Sugar in the Presence of Saccharose, Lactose, and Maltose, 29; Volumetric Methods, 38; Reducing Power of Different Sugars according to Ling and Jones, 39; Estimation of Invert Sugar in the Presence of Cane Sugar, 39; Low's Volumetric Method, Modified, 41; Saccharose, 43; Cane Molasses, 46; Beet Molasses, 47; Estimation of Maltose, 53; Lactose, 57; Table for Calculating Lactose, 58; Pentoses and Pentosans, 62. STARCH AND ITS ISOMERIDES. - W. A. DAVIS. Taka-diastase as an Agent in Estimating Starch, 71; Estimation of Starch by Means of Taka-diastase, 74; Ewer's Method of Estimating Starch in Cereals, 76; Cellulose, 77. PAPER AND PAPER-MAKING MATERIALS. - RALPH H. McKEE. Wood-pulp, 81; Sulphite Pulp, 84. ALIPHATIC ACIDS. - ARTHUR W. THOMAS AND W. A. DAVIS. Acetic Acid and Vinegar, 90; Pyroligneous Acid, 96; Formic Acid, 97; Oxalic Acid, 97; Succinic Acid, 97; Malic Acid, 98; Tartaric Acid, 99; Citric Acid, 109. FIXED OILS, FATS AND WAXES. - C. AINSWORTH MITCHELL. Extraction of Fat, 117; Unsaponifiable Matter, 118; Bromine and Iodine Absorptions, 118; Oxidation of Oils, 121; Colour Tests of Oils, 122; Catalytic Hydrogenation of Oils Hardened Oils, 122. SPECIAL CHARACTERS AND MODES OF EXAMINING FATS, OILS AND WAXES. - E. R. BOLTON AND CECIL REVIS. Arachis Oil, 126; Almond and Apricot-kernel Oils, 129; Olive Oil, 131; Tea Seed Oil, 134; Mustard Oil, 134; Cottonseed Oil, 135; Kapok Oil, 135; Sesame Oil, 136; Soja-bean Oil, 137; Candle Nut Oil, 138; Hemp Seed Oil, 139; Pine Nut Oil, 139; Poppy Seed Oil, 139; Safflower Oil, 139; Sunflower Oil, 140; Tung Oils, 140; Japanese Wood Oil, 144; Walnut Oil, 145; Alizarin Oil, Turkey-red Oil, 145; Croton Oil, 146; Bassia Tallow, 146; Shea Nut Oil, 148; Borneo Tallow, 149. BUTTER FAT. - CECIL REVIS AND E. R. BOLTON. Composition of Butter Fat, 152; Qualitative Tests, 154; Estimation of Salt, 162; Estimating the Percentage of Curd, 162; Oleomargarine, 166; Hardened Fats, 173; Ghee, 175. LARD. - C. AINSWORTH MITCHELL. Detection of Beef and Mutton Fats in Lard, 178. LINSEED OIL. - C. A. KLEIN. Cultivation, 180; Preparation of Oil from Seed, 180; Examination of Seeds, 181; Linseed Cake, 182; Technical Applications, 184; Chemical Composition, 184; Preparation of Sample for Analysis, 186; Foots, 186; Break Test, 186; Specific Gravity, 187; Ash, 187; Free Fatty A'cids, 187; Unsaponifiable Matter, 188; Iodine Value, 188; Bromine Values, 189; Insoluble Hexabromides, 189; Qualitative Test, 189; Quantitative Methods, 190; Refractive Index, 192; Oxygen Absorption and Drying Test, 192; Drying on Glass, 195; Qualitative Detection of Adulterants in Linseed Oil, 195; Interpretation of Abnormal Characteristics, 196; Effect of Storage, 196; Hydrolysis of Glycerides, 196; Oil Extracted from Paints, 197; Drying of Linseed Oil, 198; Boiled Oil, 200; Blown Oils, 201. SOAPS. - J. R. POWELL. Water, 204; Separation of Substances Soluble in Petroleum Ether, 205; Estimation of Fatty Acids, 205; Examination of Fatty Acids, 206; Estimation of Free Alkali, 206; Matter Insoluble in Alcohol, 207; Fillers Insoluble in-Water, 208; Estimation of Special Constituents, 208; Cresols, 208; Soap Powders, Scouring Powders, and Scouring Soaps, 209. GLYCEROL. - W. A. DAVIS. Specific Gravity, 211; Analysis of Crude Glycerol, 211; Sampling, 211; Analysis, 212; Acetin Process for Glycerol Estimation, 214; Bichromate Process for Glycerol Estimation, 217; Instructions for Calculating Actual Glycerol Content, 218; British Standard Specifications for Crude Glycerins, 219; Soap Lyes, Crude Glycerin, 219; Saponification Crude Glycerin, 219; Pure Glycerin, 220; Aldehydic Impurities in Glycerol, 221; Estimation of Glycerol in Wines, 221; Estimation of Glycerol in Fats, 222. CHOLESTEROL. - J. ADDYMAN GARDNER. Estimation of Cholesterol in Animal Tissues, 223; Estimation of Cholesterol and Cholesterol Esters in an Extract, 224. WOOL, GREASE AND CLOTH OILS, - AUGUSTUS H. GILL. HYDROCARBONS. - R. LESSING. Physical Methods of Separation, 229; Chemical Methods, 232; Olefines, 233; Aromatic Hydrocarbons, 234; Naphthenes, 236; Paraffins, 238. BITUMENS. - S. S. SADTLER. Asphalt, 240; Method of Extracting Bitumens from Binding Courses, Topekas, etc., 241; Ductility, 242; Melting-point, 242; Apparatus, 242; Manipulation, 242; Float Test, 243; Drip Point, 243; Fluxes, 243; Roofing Papers, 244; Estimation of Paraffin in Asphaltum, 244; Mineral Oils, 247; Proposed Provisional Tests for Lubricants, 251 ; Cyclic Hydrocarbons, 259; Method of Testing Drip Oils, 261; Distillation Test, 262. NAPHTHALENE AND ITS DERIVATIVES. - W. A. DAVIS. Naphthalene in Coal Gas, 266; Estimation of Naphthalene in Spent Oxide, 268; Estimation of β-Naphthol, 269; Pharmacopoeia Requirements, 269. PHENOLS. - S. S. SADTLER. Estimation of Phenol in Crude Carbolic Acid and Tra Oils, 270; Effect of Temperature, Acid Concentration and Time on Bromination of Phenol in Quantitative Estimations, 271; The Value of the Higher Phenols in Wood preserving Oils, 271; Behaviour of Phenols, Naphthols and Phenolcarboxylic Acids towards Tetravalent Titanium, 272; Cresols, 272; Estimation of m-Cresol in Cresol Mixtures, Raschig's Method, 273; Creosote, 275; Tar Acids, 275; Coke Test, 276; Antiseptic Properties of Creosote, 276; Antiseptic Tests of Wood-preserving Oils, 276; Detection of Natural Asphaltum and Petroleum Pitch in Residues from the Distillation of Coal Tar, 277; Application of the Dimethyl Sulphate Test for Detecting Small Amounts of Petroleum or Asphalt Products in Tars, 278. AROMATIC ACIDS. - EDWARD HORTON. Phenol-p-sulphonic Acid, 279; Benzoic Acid and its Derivatives, 279; Metallic Benzoates, 285; Benzoic Aldehyde, 286; Benzaldehyde, 286; Saccharin, 288; Cinnamic Acid and its Derivatives, 291; β-Phenyl- acrylic Acid, 291; Cinnamic Aldehyde, 292; Coumarin, 293; Aromatic Balsams, 294; Cinnamic Balsams, 295; Peruvian Balsam, 295; Tolu Balsam, 297; Liquid Storax, 297; Salicylic Acid and its Allies, 299; Commercial Salicylic Acid, 299; Metallic and Alkaloidal Salicylates, 304; Salicylic Esters, 305; Derivatives of Salicylic Acid, 306; Dihydroxybenzoic Acid and Their Allies, 306; Vanillin, 306. RESINS. - ERNEST J. PARRY. Copal, 310; Dammar Resin, 310; Dragon's Blood, 311; Guaiacum, 311; Shellac, 311; Canada Balsam, 312; Copaiba, 313; Ammoniacum, 315; Asafoetida, 316; Elemi, 318; Galbanum, 318; Myrrh, 318. INDIA-RUBBER, RUBBER SUBSTITUTES AND GUTTA-PERCHA. - E. W. LEWIS. India-rubber, 320; Resins, 320; Estimation of India-rubber, 321; Insoluble Impurities, 322; Nitrogen, 322; Pyridine Extraction, 322; Mineral Matter, 323; Estimation of Total Sulphur, 323. ESSENTIAL OILS. - ERNEST J. PARRY. Hydrocarbons of Essential Oils, 324; Terpenes Proper, 324; Sesquiterpenes, 325; Estimation of Free Acids in Essential Oils, 3 25; Estimation of Alcohols in Essential Oils, 328; Esters in Essential Oils, 330; Estimation of Aldehydes and Ketones, 336; Estimation of Citral, 337; Refractive Indices of Essential Oils, 339; Alcohols of Geraniol Series, 341; Cyclic Terpene Alcohols, 342 ; Aldehydes of the Geraniol Series, 344. SPECIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ESSENTIAL OILS. - ERNEST J. PARRY. Andropogon Oils. 345; Citronella Oil, 345; Lemon-grass Oil, 346; Palmarosa Oil and Ginger-grass Oil, 347; Vetivert Oil, 347; Almond Oil, 349; Angelica Oil, 349; Aniseed Oil, 351; Bay Oil, 352; Bergamot Oil, 352; Buchu Oil, 353; Calamus Oil, 353; Camphor Oil, 353; Cardamon Oil, 354; Cassia and Cinnamon Oils, 354; Champaca Oil, 357; Clove Oil, 358; Oil of Cubebs, 358; Cypress Leaf Oil, 359; Eucalyptus Oil, 359; Fennel Oil, 360; Geranium Oil, 361; Ginger Oil, 362; Hop Oil, 362; Juniper Berry Oil, 363; Lavender Oils, 363; Lemon Oil, 365; Lime Oil, 365; Linalol Oil, 366; Orange Oil, 368; Oil of Rue, 369; Petitgrain Oil, 369; Peppermint Oil, 370; Spearmint Oil, 372; Pine Needle Oil, 372; Rose Oil, 373; Rosemary Oil, 374; Santalwood Oil, 375; Thyme Oil, 376; Turpentine Oil, 377; Wintergreen Oil, 381; American Wormseed Oil, 382; Ylang-ylang Oil, 382; Cananga Oils, 382. TANNINS. - W. P. DREAPER. Tannin Materials, 384; Official Method of the American Leather Chemists' Association for the Analysis of Vegetable Materials Containing Tannin, 386; Raw and Spent Materials, 386; Analysis of Extracts, 387; Analysis of Liquors, 389; Temperature, Evaporation and Drying, Dishes, 389; Determination of Total Acidity of Liquors, 390; Official Methods for Sampling Tanning Materials, 390; Tannin Substitutes, 406. ANALYSIS OF LEATHER. - W. P. DREAPER. Official Method for Leather Analysis, 411 ; Solutions, 411; Determination, 412 ; Reagents, 412; Provisional Method of Colour Valuation of Tanning Materials, 413; Analysis of American Leathers, 415. ANALYSIS OF COLOURING MATERIALS. - W. P. DREAPER. Chemical Examination of Dyed Fibres, 419; Physical Examination of Dyed Fibres, 419; Fastness of Colours, 419. COLOURING MATTERS OF NATURAL ORIGIN. - W. M. GARDNER. Indigo, 427; Experiments with Rawson's Hydrosulphite Method, 427; Brylinski's Method, 428; Mohlau and Zimmerman's Method, 428; New Methods of Analysis, 429; Improvements in Extraction Apparatus, 439; Experiments upon Acetic Acid Extraction, 432; Estimation of Indigo by Extraction with Pyridine, 433; Analysis of Commercial Indigo-dyed Materials by the Pyrroline and Acetic Acid Methods, 436; Determination of Percentage Colour Effect Due to Indigo, 439; Analysis of Indigo Containing Starch, 446. COLOURING MATTERS IN FOODS. - ALBERT F. SEEKER. Separation of Colours by Means of Immiscible Solvents, 449; Separation of the Seven Colours Permitted in the United States, 453; Read's Test for Detecting Colour in Tea, 454. PRINTING INKS. - JOHN B. TUTTLE. Historical, 456; Composition, 456; Manufacture of Ink, 457; Analysis, 457; Separation of Oil from Pigment, 457; Analysis of the Oil, 458; Oil Constants, 458; Hard Gums, 459; Unsaponifiable Matter, 459; Rosin, 459; Analysis of the Pigment, 460; Blue Inks, 463; Red Inks, 463; Green Inks, 464; Inks of Other Colours, 466; Permanence to Light, 466; Dyes and Lakes, 467; Special Tests, 467. INKS, - PERCY H. WALKER. AMINES AND AMMONIUM BASES. - W. A. DAVIS. Estimation of Ammonia and Trimethylamine, 469; Hydrazine, 469; Estimation of Antipyrine, 470; Qualitative Tests for Antipyrine and Pyramidine, 470. ANILINE AND ITS ALLIES. - S. S. SADTLER. Estimation of Acetanilide and Phenacetin in Mixture, 472. THE NAPHTYLAMINES AND THEIR ALLIES. - EDWARD HORTON. Pyridine, 475; Pyrrole, 476. THE VEGETABLE ALKALOIDS. - THOMAS A. HENRY. Formation and Function of Alkaloids in Plants, 477; Properties of the Alkaloids, 478; General Principles for Alkaloids, 479. VOLATILE ALKALOIDS. - FRANK O. TAYLOR. Areca Alkaloids, 480; Arecolidine, 480; Conium Alkaloids, 481 ; Lobeline, 481 ; Lupine Alkaloids, 481; Dextro-lupanine, 482; Pomegranate Alkaloids, 483 ; Sparteine and Other Spartium Alkaloids, 483. ESTIMATION OF NICOTINE, - R. W. TONKIN. ACONITE ALKALOIDS. - FRANCIS H. CARR. The Alkaloids of Aconitum Napellus, 487; The Alkaloids of Aconitum Vulparia, 488; Lycaconitine, 488; Myoctonine, 488; Lycoctonine, 488; Anthranoyl-lycoctonine, 488; Assay of Aconite and its Preparations, 488; Toxicological Detection of Aconite, 489. ATROPINE AND ITS ALLIES. - FRANCIS H. CARR. Tropeines and Scopoleines, 490; Hyoscine, 490; Noratropine, 491; Norhyoscyamine, 491; Detection and Estimation of Tropeines, 491. COCAINE. - SAMUEL P. SADTLER. Separation and Identification of Cocaine, 494; Differentiation of Cocaine from its Substitutes, 495. OPIUM ALKALOIDS. - FRANK O. TAYLOR. Constitution of Opium Bases, 496; Behaviour of Opium Bases with Solvents, 496; Colour Reactions of Opium Bases, 497; Salts of Morphine, 497; Detection and Estimation of Morphine, 497; Apomorphine, 499; Heroin, 499; Dionin, 500; Codeine, 500; Aporeine, 501; Narcotine, 501; Thebaine, 502 ; Iso-thebaine, 502; Pantopon, 502; Opiopon, 502; Opon, 502; Morphinenarcotine Meconate, 503; Opium, 504; Alkaloids, 504; Adulteration of Opium, 504; Estimation of Morphine in Opium, 504; Normal Opium, 506; Estimation of Morphine in Compounds, 506; Toxicology of Opium and Morphine, 508. STRYCHNOS ALKALOIDS. - CHARLES A. VANDERKLEED. Oil of Nux Vomica, 510; Tests for Brucine in Strychnine, 510; The Assay of Nux Vomica and its Preparations, 512. CINCHONA ALKALOIDS. - OLIVER CHICK. Cinchona Ledgeriana Seeds, 514; Cuprea Bark, 514; Titration of Cinchona Alkaloids, 514; Constitution, 515; General Properties of Cinchona Alkaloids, 515; Quinine, 516; Detection and Estimation of Quinine, 516; Salts of Quinine, 517; Quinine Sulphate, 517; Quinine Hydrochloride, 517; Quinine Dihydrochloride, 517; Quinine Formate, 518; Quinine Glycerophosphate, 518; Citrate of Iron, Quinine, and Strychnine, Easton's Syrup, 518; Aristoquinine and Euquinine, 519; Hydroquinine, 519; Cinchonine, 520. BERBERINE AND ITS ASSOCIATES. - EDWARD HORTON. Berberine, 521; Hydrastine, 522; Hydrastinine, 524. CAFFEINE, TEA AND COFFEE. - J. J. Fox AND P. J. SAGEMAN. Caffeine, 525; Tea, 528; Coffee, 530. OTHER VEGETABLE ALKALOIDS. - GEORGE BARGER AND A. J. EWINS. Alkaloids of Colchicum, 534; Alkaloid of Laburnum and Furze, 534; Alkaloids of Calabar, 536; Alkaloids of Ergot, 537; Alkaloids of Jaborandi, 537; Solanine Alkaloids, 540; Alkaloid of the Common Broom, 541; Alkaloids of Ipecacuanha, 541. GLUCOSIDES. - E. FRANKLAND ARMSTRONG. Synthetic Glucosides, 545; Cyanogenetic Glucosides, 545; Phytosterolins, 545; Digitalis, 546; Digitoxin and Gitalin, 547; Strophanthin, 547; Sarsaparilla, 548. NON-GLUCOSIDAL BITTER PRINCIPLES. - G. C. JONES. Aloes, 549; Artemisia Bitters, 550; Hops, 550; Commercial Analysis of Hops, 554. ANIMAL BASES. - K. GEORGE FALK. Ninhydrin Test, 560; van Slyke Apparatus, 560; Sorensen's Method, 561; Esterification Method, 561; Amino-acid Picrolcnates, 562; Separation of d-Valine and d-Alanine, 562; Separation of Cystine and Tyrosine, 563; Tyrosine, 563; Tryptophane, 563; Betaine, 563; Urea, 564; Creatine, 565; Adenine, 568. ANIMAL ACIDS. - PHILIP B. HAWK. Kynurenic Acid, 569; . Homogentisic Acid, 569; Hippuric Acid, 569; Uric Acid, 570; Benzoic Acid, 574; Oxalic Acid, 574; Chondroitin-sulphuric Acid, 574; Colloidal Nitrogen, 575; Glycuronic Acid, 575; Ammo-acids, 575; Acetone, 576; Aceto-acetic Acid, 577; j3-Hydroxybutyric Acid, 578; Bile Acids, 578; Bile Pigments, 579; Urinary Calculi, 580; Hydrochloric Acid, 580. LACTIC ACID. - W. A. DAVIS. Qualitative Tests, 582; British Pharmacopoeia, 1914, 582; Estimation of Lactic Acid in Organic Tissues and Extracts in Presence of 0-Hydroxybutyric Acid, 582; Estimation of Lactic Acid in Urine, 584. CYANOGEN AND ITS DERIVATIVES. - HERBERT PHILIPP. Hydrocyanic Acid and Simple Cyanides, 585; Double Cyanides, 587; Compounds of Cyanogen and Iron, 587; Carbonyl Ferrocyanides, 588; Thiocyanates, Sulphocyanides, 589; Cyanamide, 589. ENZYMES, - E. FRANKLAND ARMSTRONG. PROTEINS. - S. B. SCHRYVA. Estimation of Espartic and Glutamic Acids in the Products of Protein Hydrolysis, 592. VEGETABLE PROTEINS FLOUR, - E. FRANKLAND ARMSTRONG. PROTEINS OF MILK. - L. L. VAN SLYKE. Method of Preparing Ash-free Casein, 595; Compounds of Casein and Paracasein with Bases, 595; Molecular Weights and Valency of Casein and Paracasein, 596; Estimation of Casein, 596. MILK PRODUCTS. - CECIL REVIS AND E. RICHARDS BOLTON. Regulations in England, Local Government Board, 1912, 597; Regulations as to Preservatives in Food made by Canadian Order-in-Council, April 4, 1914, 597; Estimation of Sugars in Condensed Milk, 597; Aldehyde Figure for Cream, 599; Gerber Method, 599; Analysis of Dried Milks, 600; Analysis of Cheese, 600; Fat Estimation, 600; The Ratzliff-Schmid- Bondzynski Method, 600; Polenske Method, 600; Estimation of Water, 601; Estimation of Fat, 601. ALBUMINOIDS. - JEROME ALEXANDER. Albuminoids, 604; Detection of Gelatin, 605. MEAT AND MEAT PRODUCTS. - JOHN PHILLIPS STREET. Muscle Extractives, 607; Nitrogenous Muscle Extractives, 609; Estimation of Nitrogenous Extractives, 610; Phosphorous Compounds, 6n; Tin in Canned Foods, 612; Decomposition of Meat, 612; Estimation of Ammonia, 612; Frozen Meat, 613; Meat Extracts, 613; Partition of Nitrogen in Meat Extracts, 615; Bouillon Cubes, 616; Soups, 618; Sausage, 619; Composition of Meat Rations, 619; Eggs, 620; Fish, 621. FIBROIDS. - W. P. DREAPER. Estimation of Small Quantities of Wool in Cotton Materials, 623. APPENDIX. Sugars, 625; Butter, 625; Arginine, 625; Meat Extracts, 625. INDEX TO VOL. IX 627-633 AUTHORS INDEX TO SERIES 635-727 SUBJECT INDEX TO SERIES End of Preview.
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