This book is included in the Military Field & Training Manuals section.
Search and Rescue SURVIVAL TRAINING AF REGULATION 64-4 VOLUME I 15 July 1985 This regulation describes the various environmental conditions affecting human survival, and describes individual activities necessary to enable that survival. This regulation is for instructor and student use in formal and USAF survival and survival continuation training. This regulation also applies to US Air Force Reserve and Air National Guard units and members. Sources used to compile this regulation are listed in the bibliography, attachment 1. Part One - The Elements of Surviving Chapter 1 - Mission Introduction Aircrew Mission Goals Survival Decisions Elements Chapter 2 - Conditions Affecting Survival Introduction Environmental Conditions The Survivors Condition Duration - The Time Condition Sociopolitical Condition Induced Conditions Chapter 3 - The Survivor’s Needs Introduction Maintaining Life Maintaining Honor Returning.. Part Two - Psychological Aspects of Survival Chapter 4 - Contributing Factors Introduction Survival Stresses. Pain Thirst and Dehydration Cold and Heat Hunger Frustration Fatigue Sleep Deprivation. Isolation Insecurity. Loss of Self-Esteem Loss of Self-Determination Depression Chapter 5 - Emotional Reactions Introduction Fear Anxiety Panic. Hate Resentment Anger Impatience Dependence Loneliness. Boredom Hopelessness Summary Chapter 6 - The Will to Survive Introduction Overcoming Stress Crisis Period The Coping Period Attitude Optimism. Summary Part Three - Basic Survival Medicine Chapter 7 - Survival Medicine Introduction Procedures and Expedients Hygiene Care of the Mouth and Teeth Care of the Feet Clothing and Bedding Rest Rules for Avoiding Illness. General Management of Injuries Illnesses Chapter 8 - PW Medicine Introduction History Trauma Gastrointestinal Problems Hepatitis Nutritional Deficiencies Communicable Diseases Skin Diseases. Fungal Infection Dental Problems Burns Lacerations and Infection Fraction/Sprains Summary Conclusion Part Four - Facts and Conditions Affecting a Survivor Chapter 9 - Weather Introduction Knowledge of Weather. Elements Affecting Weather Circulation of the Atmosphere Storms Weather Forecasting Summary Chapter 10 - Geographic Principles Introduction Components of the Environment Effects of Climate on Terrain Effects of Terrain on Climate Effects of Climate and Terrain on Life Forms Chapter 11 - Environmental Characteristics Introduction The Koppen-Geiger System Tropical Climates Dry Climates: Warm Temperature Climate Snow Climates Ice Climates Open Seas Ocean Currents Climates Conditions Life Forms Chapter 12 - Local People Introduction Contact with People Survivor’s Behavior Changing Political Allegiance Part Five - Personal Protection Chapter 13 - Proper Body Temperature Introduction Body Temperatures. Heat Transfer Chapter 14 - Clothing Introduction Protection Clothing Materials Natural Materials Synthetic Materials Types of Insulation Insulation Measurement Clothing Wear in Snow and Ice Areas Care of the Feet Clothing in the Summer Arctic Clothing at Sea. Anti-exposure Garments Warm Oceans Tropical Climates Dry Climates Chapter 15 - Shelter Introduction Shelter Considerations. Location Immediate Action Shelters Improvised Shelters Shelters for Warm Temperature Areas Maintenance and Improvements Construction of Specific Shelters Shelter for Tropical Areas. Specific Shelter for Tropical Environments Shelter for Dry Climates Principles of Desert Shelters Shelter for Snow and Ice Areas General Construction Techniques Shelter Living Shelter Considerations for Arctic and Arctic-like Areas Shelter for Open Seas Chapter 16 - Firecraft Introduction Elements of Fire Fire Location. Fire Site Preparation Firemaking with Matches (or Lighter) Heat Sources Firemaking with Special Equipment Burning Aircraft Fuel Useful Firecraft Hints Fire Lays Chapter 17 - Equipment Introduction Types of Kits Issued Equipment Improvised Equipment Miscellaneous Improvised Equipment Ropes and Knots Personal Survival Kits Part Six - Sustenance Chapter 18 - Food Introduction Nutrition Food Animal Food Plant Food Food in Tropical Climates Food in Dry Climates Food in Snow and Ice Climates Food in Open Seas Preparing Animal Food Cooking Preparing Food in Enemy Areas Preserving Food Preparing Plant Food Chapter 19 - Water Introduction Water Requirements Water Sources Water in Snow and Ice Areas. Water on the Open Seas Water in Tropical Areas Water in Dry Areas Preparation of Water for Consumption Part Seven - Travel Chapter 20 - Land Navigation Introduction Maps Aeronautical Charts Information Contained in Margin Topographical Map Symbols and Colors Coordinate Systems Elevation and Relief Representative Fraction (RF) Graphic (Bar) Scales Using a Map and Compass, and Expressing Direction Chapter 21 - Land Travel Introduction Decision to Stay or Travel Travel Land Travel Techniques Mountain Walking Techniques Burden Carrying. Chapter 22 - Rough Land Travel and Evacuation Techniques Introduction Safety Coordination Climbing Ropes Specialized Knots for Climbing and Evacuation Special Equipment The Successful Climb Belaying.. Communication Anchors Climbing Rappelling Overland Snow Travel Snow and Ice Climbing Procedures and Techniques Glaciers and Glacial Travel Evacuation Principles and Techniques Chapter 23 - Water Travel Introduction River Travel Using Safe Judgment and Rules for River Travel River Hydraulics Emergency Situations Improvised Rafts Fording Streams. Traveling on Open Seas Physical Considerations Life Preserver Use Raft Procedures Making a Landfall Methods of Getting Ashore Part Eight - Signaling and Recovery Chapter 24 - Signaling Introduction Manufactured Signals Improvised Signals Chapter 25 - Recovery Principles Introduction National Search and Rescue (SAR) Plan Survivor Responsibilities Recovery Site Recovery Procedures Pickup Devices Preparation for Open Sea Recovery Nine - Evasion Chapter 26 - Legal and Moral Obligations Introduction Definitions Military Drive Chapter 27 - Factors of Successful Evasion Basic Principles Preparation Opportunity Motivation Evasion Principles Chapter 2b - Camouflage Introduction Types of Observation Comparison of Direct and Indirect Observation Preventing Recognition Factors of Recognition. Principles and Methods of Camouflage Individual Camouflage Concealment in Various Geographic Areas Concealment Factor for Areas other than Temperate Camouflage Techniques for Shelter Areas Firecraft Under Evasion Conditions Sustenance for Evasion Encampment Security Systems Evasion Movement Searching Terrain Movement Techniques Which Limit the Potential for Detection of an Evader (Single) Barriers to Evasion Movement Evasion Aids Combat Recovery Part Ten - Induced Conditions - Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical (NBC) Chapter 29 - Nuclear Conditions Introduction Effects of Nuclear Weapons Types of Nuclear Bursts Injuries Types of Residual Radiation Effects of Fallout on the Individual. Radiation Detection Body Reactions to Radiation Countermeasures Against Penetrating External Radiation Shelter.. Water Food Chapter 30 - Biological Conditions Introduction Detection Climate Terrain Protection Tips for a Survivor Chapter 31 - Chemical Conditions Introduction Chemical Groups Detection Protection Avoiding Chemical Agents Decontamination of Chemical Agents Tips for a Survivor Attachment Bibliography
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