This book is included in the Self Reliance Firearms & Weaponry section.
BY ORDER OF THE SECRETARY OF THE AIR FORCE AIR FORCE MANUAL 91-201 17 November 2008 Safety EXPLOSIVES SAFETY STANDARDS COMPLIANCE WITH THIS PUBLICATION IS MANDATORY ACCESSIBILITY: Publications and forms are available on the e-Publishing website at www.e-Publishing.af.mil for downloading or ordering. RELEASABILITY: There are no releasability restrictions on this publication. OPR: HQ AFSC/SEW Certified by: HQ USAF/SED (Mr. William C. Redmond) Supersedes: AFMAN91-201, 18 October 2001 Pages: 457 This manual implements Air Force Policy Directive (AFPD) 91-2, Safety Programs, and DoD 6055.9-Std, DoD Ammunition and Explosives Safety Standards. It establishes a central source for explosive safety criteria. It identifies hazards and states safety precautions and rules when working with explosives. It applies to everyone involved in explosives operations of any kind at Air Force, Air National Guard and Air Force Reserve-owned or leased facilities and to US-titled ammunition in contractor or host-nation facilities. Compliance is mandatory, but only as minimum safety standards. See Attachment 1 for a glossary of abbreviations, acronyms, and terms used in this manual. Send major command (MAJCOM) supplements to HQ AFSC/SE, 9700 Avenue G SE, Kirtland AFB NM 87117-5671, for approval before publication. Send recommended changes on AF Form 847, Recommendation for Change of Publication, any conflicts with other Air Force directives as well as general correspondence about the content of this manual through command channels to HQ AFSC/SEW, 9700 G Avenue SE, Kirtland AFB NM 87117-5670. Ensure that all records created as a result of processes prescribed in this publication are maintained in accordance with AFMAN 33-363, Management of Records, and disposed of in accordance with the Air Force Records Disposition Schedule (RDS) located at https://www.my.af.mil/gcss-af61a/afrims/afrims/. SUMMARY OF REVISIONS: This document has been substantially changed and must be completely reviewed. Chapter 1–INTRODUCTION AND EXCEPTION PROGRAM Section 1A Explosives Safety General Instructions 1.1. Policy 1.2. Scope Section 1B Exception Program 1.3. General 1.4 Deviations 1.5 Event Waivers 1.6 Waivers 1.7 Exemptions 1.8 SAF/OS Waivers and Exemptions for New Construction 1.9 Exceptions for Non-DoD Explosives Activities on Air Force Installations. 1.10 Waiver and Exemption Information Requirements. 1.11 SAF-Level Waiver and Exemption Information Requirements. 1.12 Waiver or Exemption Decision Nomograph. 1.13 Periodic Reviews for Exceptions. 1.14 Cancellation of Waivers and Exemptions. Figures 1.1. Exception Decision Nomograph—Day-to-Day Operations. 1.2. Exception Decision Nomograph—Contingency and War Plans. 1.3. Nomograph Plotting Example. Tables 1.1. Likelihood of a Mishap. 1.2. Exposure. 1.3. Consequence of a Mishap. 1.4. Periodic Review Levels for SAF-Level Waivers and Exemptions. Chapter 2–REACTION EFFECTS Section 2A Principal Effects of High Density (HD) 1.1 Events 2.1. Blast. 2.2. Fragments. 2.3. Thermal Hazards. 2.4. Groundshock and Cratering. 2.5. Expected Consequences. Section 2B Principal Effects of HD 1.2 Events 2.6. Blast. 2.7. Fragments. 2.8. Thermal Hazards. 2.9. Ejected Items. 2.10. Propelled Items. 2.11. Firebrands. 2.12. Expected Consequences. Section 2C Principal Effects of HD 1.3 Events 2.13. Gas Pressures. 2.14. Fragments. 2.15. Thermal Hazards. 2.16. Propelled Items. 2.17. Firebrands. 2.18. Expected Consequences. Section 2D Principal Effects of HD 1.4 Events 2.19. Blast. 2.20. Fragments. 2.21. Thermal Hazards. 2.22. Firebrands. 2.23. Compatibility Group (CG) S Items. 2.24. Expected Consequences. Section 2E Principal Effects of HD 1.5 and HD 1.6 Events 2.25. HD 1.5 Effects. 2.26. HD 1.6 Effects. Tables 2.1. Expected Peak Incident Pressures From HD 1.1 Events. 2.2. Probability Of Window Breakage From Incident Pressure. 2.3. General Blast Effects On Personnel–Eardrum Rupture. 2.4. General Blast Effects On Personnel–Lung Damage. 2.5. General Blast Effects On Personnel–Lethality Due To Lung Rupture. Chapter 3–HAZARD CLASSIFICATION Section 3A DoD Hazard Classification System 3.1. Purpose of Hazard Classification. 3.2. Responsibility for Hazard Classification. 3.3. Hazard Classification Authorities. 3.4. Standards for Determining DoD Hazard Classification. 3.5. Description of DoD Hazard Classification System. 3.6. Net Explosive Weight and Net Explosive Weight for Quantity-Distance. 3.7. Requirement for DoD Hazard Classification. Section 3B Storage and Transportation Without DoD Hazard Classification 3.8. Storage and Transportation Without DoD Hazard Classification. 3.9. Explosives With DOE Hazard Classifications. 3.10. DoD-Owned Non-Stock-Listed Commercial Explosives. 3.11. Manufacturing, Research and Development Items. 3.12. Foreign Explosives. 3.13. Non-DoD-Owned Explosives. Section 3C Hazard Classification of Unpackaged Items 3.14. Hazard Classification of Unpackaged Items. Section 3D Class 1 Divisions and Subdivisions 3.15. HD 1.1 – Mass-explosion. 3.16. HD 1.2 – Non-mass Explosion, Fragment Producing. 3.17. HD 1.3 – Mass Fire, Minor Blast or Fragment. 3.18. HD 1.4 – Moderate Fire, No Significant Blast or Fragment. 3.19. HD 1.5 – Explosive Substance, Very Insensitive (With Mass Explosion Hazard). 3.20. HD 1.6 – Explosive Article, Extremely Insensitive. Section 3E Compatibility Groups and Sensitivity Groups 3.21. Storage and Transportation Compatibility Groups. 3.22. Sensitivity Groups. Chapter 4–RISK ASSESSMENTS AND PROTECTION PRINCIPLES Section 4A Risk Assessments 4.1. Requirements for Risk Assessments. 4.2. Risk Assessments. 4.3. Operational Risk Management (ORM). 4.4. System Safety. 4.5. Professional Assistance for Risk Assessments and System Safety Analyses . Section 4B Munitions Systems and Equipment 4.6. Safety Certification of Munitions Systems. 4.7. Risk Assessments for Explosives Equipment . Section 4C Explosives Operations and Facilities 4.8. Risk Assessment for Explosives Operations. 4.9. Risk Assessments for Explosives Facilities. Section 4D Glass Breakage Risk Assessments 4.10 Purpose of Glass Breakage Risk Assessments. 4.11. Requirements for Performance of Glass Breakage Risk Assessments. 4.12. Software Tools for Glass Breakage Risk Assessments. 4.13. Methodology for Glass Breakage Risk Assessments. 4.14. Engineering Mitigation Actions for Reducing or Eliminating Glass Breakage Hazards to Personnel. Section 4E Health Hazard and Environmental Assessments 4.15 Health Hazard Assessments. 4.16 Environmental Assessments. Section 4F Protection Principles 4.17 Protective Shielding and Remotely Controlled Operations. 4.18 Intentional Ignition or Initiation of AE. 4.19 Protective Measures. 4.20 Emergency Operations Figures 4.1. Six-Step Process of Operational Risk Management. Chapter 5– GENERAL EXPLOSIVES FACILITY DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE, AND EQUIPMENT DESIGN, MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION Section 5A Introduction 5.1. Applicability. Section 5B Glass Panels 5.2. Glass Panels in Facilities Exposed to Explosives Hazards. Section 5C Hazardous Locations 5.3. Hazardous Locations. 5.4. Electrical Equipment in Hazardous Locations. 5.5. Interior Surfaces in Class II Hazardous Locations. 5.6. Hardware in Hazardous Locations. 5.7. Static Electricity in Hazardous Locations. 5.8. Ventilation in Hazardous Locations. Section 5D Electric Supply Systems 5.9. Electric Supply Systems. 5.10. Backup Power. Section 5E Static Grounding and Bonding 5.11. Areas Requiring Static Grounding and Bonding Systems. 5.12. Static Grounding and Bonding Requirements. 5.13. Permanent Static Grounding Systems. 5.14. Temporary Static Grounding or Bonding Cables. 5.15. Static Grounding or Bonding Reels. 5.16. Belting. Section 5F Conductive Floors 5.17. Areas Requiring Conductive Floors. 5.18. Requirements for Conductive Floors. 5.19. Testing and Maintenance of Conductive Floors. 5.20. Testing and Maintenance of Conductive Footwear. Section 5G Installed Systems and Equipment Grounds 5.21. Installed Systems and Equipment Grounds. Section 5H Lightning Protection Systems 5.22. Facilities Requiring Lightning Protection Systems. 5.23. Lightning Protection System Design. 5.24. Lightning Protection System Inspection, Testing, and Training. 5.25. Lightning Protection System Exceptions. Section 5I General Design Considerations for Explosives Facilities 5.26. Blowout-type Construction. 5.27. Non-combustible Construction. 5.28. Underground Explosives Storage Facilities. 5.29. Outdoor Explosives Storage Sites. 5.30. Stairways. 5.31. Fixed Ladders. 5.32. Platforms, Runways, and Railings. 5.33. Passageways. 5.34. Walkways. 5.35. Roads. 5.36. Gates. 5.37. Drainage. 5.38. Drains and Sumps. 5.39. Tunnels. 5.40. Laundries. 5.41. Steam for Explosives Processing or Facility Heating. 5.42. Magazine Ventilation and Vermin-Resistance. Section 5J Emergency Exits for Explosives Buildings 5.43. General. 5.44. Building Exits. 5.45. Exit Doors. 5.46. Safety Chutes. Section 5K Explosive Dust Collection Systems 5.47. Vacuum Collection. 5.48. Location of Dry-Type Collection Chambers. 5.49. Location of Wet-Type Collection Chambers. 5.50. Design and Operation of Collection Systems. Section 5L Water Supply and Fire Suppression Systems for Explosives Facilities 5.51. Water Supply for Explosives Manufacturing Areas and Loading Plants. 5.52. Automatic Sprinkler Systems. 5.53. Deluge Systems. Section 5M Monitoring of Design and Construction of Explosives Facilities 5.54. Monitoring of Design of Explosives Facilities. 5.55. Monitoring of Construction of Explosives Facilities. Section 5N Maintenance and Repair of Explosives Facilities and Equipment 5.56. Removal of Explosives. 5.57. Requirements for Maintenance and Repair with Explosives Present. 5.58. Maintenance of Explosives Facilities. 5.59. Maintenance and Repair in Hazardous Locations. 5.60. Maintenance and Repair of Hazardous Location Equipment and Electrical Installations. 5.61. Maintenance and Repair of Electrical Equipment. 5.62. Post-Maintenance and Repair of Explosives Facilities and Equipment. Tables 5.1 Lightning Sideflash Policy for Nuclear Weapon Configurations. Chapter 6—PROTECTIVE CONSTRUCTION AND SPECIFIC EXPLOSIVES FACILITY DESIGNS Section 6A Introduction 6.1. General. 6.2. Above Ground Magazines. 6.3. Special Structures. 6.4. High Performance Magazines and Underground Explosives Facilities. Section 6B Protective Construction 6.5. Purpose of Protective Construction. 6.6. Requirements for Use of Protective Construction. Section 6C Earth-Covered Magazines 6.7. Earth-Covered Magazines. 6.8. Earth-Covered Magazine NEWQD Limits. 6.9. Earth-Covered Magazine Design Load Criteria. 6.10. Earth-Covered Magazine Earth Cover Criteria. 6.11. Earth-Covered Magazine Drawings. Section 6D Barricaded Open Storage Modules 6.12. Barricaded Open Storage Modules 6.13. Barricaded Open Storage Modules NEWQD and AE Type Limits. 6.14. Barricaded Open Storage Module Design Criteria. Section 6E Barricades 6.15. Barricades. 6.16. Barricade Size and Orientation for Protection Against High-Speed, Low-Angle Fragments. 6.17. Barricade Size and Orientation for Barricaded ILD Protection. 6.18. Barricade Construction Materials. 6.19. Barricade Designs. 6.20. Natural Barricades. 6.21. Inspection of Barricades. Section 6F Earth-Filled, Steel Bin-Type Barricades for Outside Storage 6.22. Earth-Filled, Steel Bin-Type Barricades for Outside Storage. 6.23. ARMCO, Inc. Revetment HD Limits. 6.24. Types of ARMCO, Inc. Revetments. 6.25. Requirements for ARMCO, Inc. Revetments. 6.26. ARMCO, Inc. Revetment Designs. Section 6G Substantial Dividing Walls and Blast Doors 6.27. Substantial Dividing Walls. 6.28. Blast Doors. Section 6H Multicube or Segregated Magazines 6.29. Multicube or Segregated Magazines. Figures 6.1. Typical Eight-Cell Barricaded Open Storage Module. 6.2. Determination of Barricade Length and Height. 6.3. Determination of Barricade Length and Height ILD Protection. Tables 6.1. HD 1.1 IMD for Barricaded Open Storage Module. Chapter 7–EXPLOSIVES OPERATIONS AND STORAGE Section 7A Introduction 7.1. Introduction. Section 7B Locally Written Instructions 7.2. Locally Written Instructions. 7.3. Contents of Locally Written Instructions. Section 7C General Requirements for Operations Involving Explosives 7.4. Personnel Qualifications. 7.5. Personnel Limits. 7.6. Explosives Limits. 7.7. Housekeeping. 7.8. Smoking. 7.9. Handling of Explosives. 7.10. Portable Equipment. Section 7D Static Grounding 7.11. Static Electricity. 7.12. Requirement for Static Grounding. 7.13. Static Grounding for Handling Unpackaged EEDs. 7.14. Static Grounding for Aircraft During Explosives Loading and Unloading. 7.15. Static Grounding Techniques. 7.16. Methods to Reduce Buildup of Static Electricity. Section 7E Testing, Procedures Verification, Disassembling and Modifying Explosives Items 7.17. Requirements for Test, Disassembly, and Modification of Explosives Items. 7.18. Electrical Testing of Explosives Items. 7.19. Use of Live Explosives for Weapons System Testing. Section 7F Requirements for Specific Situations 7.20. Places of Public Assembly. 7.21. Static or Public Displays. 7.22. Fireworks Displays and Airshow Events. 7.23. Live-fire Demonstrations. 7.24. Hunting. 7.25. Training Involving Blank Ammunition. 7.26. Exercises and Training Involving Simulators and Smoke Producing Munitions. 7.27. Training and Exercises Involving Explosives. 7.28. Military Working Dog Explosives. 7.29. Repairing Containers. 7.30. Remotely Controlled Operations. 7.31. Flight line Munitions Holding Areas. Section 7G Operations in Explosives Storage Spaces 7.32. Operations in Explosives Storage Spaces Containing Explosives. Section 7H Procedures in the Event of Electrical Storms 7.33. Local Lightning Warning System. 7.34. Procedures in the Event of Electrical Storms. Section 7I Explosives Storage Requirements 7.35. Selection of Explosives Storage Method. 7.36. Explosives Storage in Operating Locations. 7.37. Explosives Storage Facility Maintenance. 7.38. Explosives Stocks Maintenance. 7.39. Marking of Explosives Stocks. 7.40. Munitions in Austere Areas. 7.41. Privately-owned Ammunition. 7.42. Government Arms and Ammunition. Section 7J Storage and Compatibility Principles 7.43. Storage and Compatibility Principles. 7.44. Found-on-Base AE. 7.45. Dangerously Unserviceable AE. Section 7K Mixed Compatibility Group Storage 7.46. Mixed Compatibility Group Storage. Tables 7.1. Storage Compatibility Mixing Chart Chapter 8–EXPLOSIVES TRANSPORTATION Section 8A Introduction 8.1. Introduction. Section 8B Explosives Transportation Standards 8.2. Federal Regulation. 8.3. DoD Directives. 8.4. Local Laws Regulating Transportation of Explosives and Dangerous Articles. Section 8C Hazard Classification for Explosives Transportation 8.5. Hazard Classification Requirements for Transportation. 8.6. Commercial Explosives Hazard Classification Requirements for Transportation. 8.7. Compatibility of Explosives During Transportation. 8.8. Compatibility of Explosives During Temporary Storage. Section 8D Packaging for Explosives Transportation Packaging 8.9. Shipment of Explosives Which Have Been Damaged or Failed To Function. 8.10. Transporting Dangerously Unserviceable Explosive Items for Disposal. Section 8E Explosives Movement Routes on Base 8.11. Explosives Movement Routes on Base. Section 8F Incoming and In-transit Explosives Shipments 8.12. Incoming Explosives Shipments. 8.13. In-transit Explosives Shipments. 8.14. Inspection of Incoming Explosives Shipments. 8.15. Inspection of Outgoing Explosives Shipments. 8.16. Interchange Yards. 8.17. Holding Yards. 8.18. Classification Yards. 8.19. AE Transportation Mode Change Locations. Section 8G Transportation and Movement of Explosives by Motor Vehicle and Material 8.20. Handling Equipment. 8.21. General. 8.22. Transporting Explosives in Passenger Compartments. 8.23. Transporting Electro-Explosive Devices. 8.24. Transporting Aircraft Seats and Survival Kits. 8.25. Packaging 8.26. Placarding. 8.27. Motor Vehicle Inspection. 8.28. Load Protection and Stability. 8.29. Loading and Unloading. 8.30. Vehicle Refueling. 8.31. Battery-Powered Materials Handling Equipment. 8.32. Gasoline or Diesel-Powered Materials Handling Equipment. 8.33. Liquefied Petroleum and Compressed Natural Gas Fueled Vehicles. 8.34. Exposed Explosives Precautions. 8.35. Storage of Powered Materials Handling Equipment. 8.36. Operating Powered Materials Handling Equipment Inside Structures. 8.37. Maintenance of Vehicles Carrying Explosives. Section 8H Transportation of Explosives by Rail 8.38. General. 8.39. Movement of Railcars Containing Explosives. 8.40. Spotting Railcars. 8.41. Switching Railcars. 8.42. Marking Railcars with Blue Flags or Signals. 8.43. Loading Railcars. 8.44. Loading and Bracing. 8.45. Placarding of Railcars. 8.46. Railcar Requirements. 8.47. Leaking Packages in Railcars. 8.48. Tools for Loading and Unloading Railcars. 8.49. Sealing Railcars. 8.50. Processing Incoming Loaded Railcars. 8.51. Rail Interchange Yards. 8.52. Rail Holding Yards. 8.53. Rail Classification Yards. 8.54. Trailers on Flat Cars or Piggyback Explosives Loading and Unloading. Section 8I Transportation of Explosives by Air and Water 8.55. Transportation of Explosives by Air. 8.56. Transportation of Explosives by Water. Chapter 9—PROTECTION OF ELECTRO-EXPLOSIVE DEVICES FROM HAZARDS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION TO ORDNANCE (HERO) Section 9A Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Electro-Explosive Devices 9.1. Chapter Overview. 9.2. Conducted Electromagnetic Energy. Section 9B Definitions and Conversion Formulas 9.3. Antenna Gain (Gt). 9.4. EED Susceptibility Terms. 9.5. Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP). 9.6. Electromagnetic Environment (EME). 9.7. Far Field/Far Field Distance (Rff). 9.8. Frequency (f). 9.9. HERO Certification. 9.10. HERO Classifications. 9.11. Modern Mobile Emitters (MME). 9.12. Near Field. 9.13. Safe Separation Distance (SSD). 9.14. Traditional Fixed-Location Emitters (TFE). 9.15. Transmitted Power (Pt). Section 9C HERO Protection Overview 9.16. Radiated Electromagnetic Energy. 9.17. EMR Protection Information. 9.18. EMR Information Categories. 9.19. Use of EMR Information. Section 9D Responsibilities for EMR Analyses 9.20. Base-level Safety Office. 9.21. Command-level Safety Office. 9.22. Communications Squadron and Installation Spectrum Manager (ISM). 9.23. Headquarters Air Force Safety Center/Weapons Division (HQ AFSC/SEW). 9.24. Civil Engineering Office (CE). 9.25. Munitions Squadron/Flight. Section 9E Emitter Categories and Assumptions 9.26. Traditional Fixed-Location Emitter (TFE) Analysis. 9.27. Modern Mobile Emitter (MME) Analysis. Section 9F Methods for Protecting EEDs from EMR Hazards 9.28. TFE Safety Procedures for Conventional Weapons and Individual EEDs. 9.29. TFE Safety Procedures for Nuclear Weapons. 9.30. MME Safety Procedures and Considerations. 9.31. Maximum Power Density Criteria. Section 9G Assistance for EMR Analyses 9.32. Assistance Requests. 9.33. Software Tool. Section 9H Deviations to EMR Requirements 9.34. Deviations to EMR Requirements. Figures 9.1. Categories of EMR Information involved in protecting EEDs. 9.2. Recommended SSD for HERO Susceptible Munitions; “Exposed” Configuration. 9.3. Example: Recommended SSD for HERO Susceptible Munitions; “Exposed” Configuration. 9.4. Recommended SSD for HERO Susceptible Munitions; “In Storage or Ground Transport in a Non-Metallic Container” Configuration. Tables 9.1. Recommended Power Densities and SSDs for HERO Susceptible Munitions. 9.2. Recommended Power Densities and SSDs for Nuclear Weapons. Chapter 10–FIRE FIGHTING, EMERGENCY PLANNING AND FIRE PREVENTION Section 10A Hazard Identification for Firefighting and Emergency Planning 10.1. Scope and Applicability. 10.2. Fire Divisions. 10.3. Fire Division Symbols. 10.4. Chemical Agent and Chemical Munitions Hazard Symbols. 10.5. Obtaining Firefighting Symbol Decals. Section 10B Posting Firefighting Symbols 10.6. Purpose of Posting Firefighting Symbols. 10.7. Posting Requirements for Firefighting Symbols. 10.8. Exceptions to Posting Firefighting Symbols. Section 10C Firefighting Measures and Withdrawal Distances 10.9 Firefighting Measures. 10.10. Fire Withdrawal Distances. 10.11. Improvised Explosive Device Withdrawal Distances. 10.12. Withdrawal Distances for AE Not Involved in Fire. Section 10D Emergency Planning 10.13. Emergency Planning. 10.14. Fire Drills. Section 10E Fire Prevention 10.15. Heat-Producing Devices. 10.16. Vegetation Control. 10.17. Firebreaks. 10.18. Controlled Burning. 10.19. Flammable Liquids for Cleaning. 10.20. Paint and Other Flammable Materials. 10.21. Operating Support Equipment. 10.22. Stacking Combustible Material. 10.23. Fire Extinguishers. 10.24. Storing Water for Firefighting. Figures 10.1. Fire Division Symbols. 10.2. Chemical Hazard Symbols. 10.3. Supplemental Chemical Hazard Symbols. Tables 10.1. Fire Division Hazards and Actions. 10.2. Compatibility Group and Chemical Hazard Symbols Required for Storage of Chemical Ammunition and Substances. 10.3. Fire Withdrawal Distances for Non-essential Personnel. Chapter 11–LICENSED EXPLOSIVES STORAGE LOCATIONS Section 11A Purpose and Limitations for Licensed Explosives Storage Locations 11.1. Purpose of Licensed Explosives Storage Locations 11.2. General Limitations on AE in Licensed Explosives Storage Locations 11.3. NEWQD Limitations on AE in Licensed Explosives Storage Locations Section 11B Requirements for Licensed Explosives Storage Locations 11.4. General Requirements for Licensed Explosives Storage Locations 11.5. QD Requirements for Licensed Explosives Storage Locations Section 11C Documentation for Licensed Explosives Storage Locations 11.6. AF Form 2047 11.7. Instructions for Completing AF Form 2047 11.8. Maintaining the AF Form 2047 Section 11D Operations Involving AE Stored in Licensed Explosives Storage Locations 11.9. Operations Involving AE Stored Licensed Explosives Storage Locations Section 11E Requirements for Specific Licensed Explosives Storage Locations 11.10. Mobility Storage 11.11. Exercises 11.12. Control Tower 11.13. Survival and Rescue Equipment 11.14. Riot Control Items 11.15. Egress Systems Maintenance Shops 11.16. Gun Systems and Maintenance Shops 11.17. Incendiary Equipment and Document Destroyer 11.18. Rod and Gun Clubs 11.19. Retail Stores 11.20. Hand Loading. 11.21. Morale, Welfare, and Recreation Activities 11.22. Minuteman Handling Team Facility 11.23. Research and Development Laboratories for Specific Experiments 11.24. Base Defense Support Munitions for Dispersed Locations Section 11F Items or Situations not Requiring a License 11.25. Items or Situations not Requiring a License Figures 11.1. AF Form 2047, Explosives Facility License Chapter 12–QUANTITY-DISTANCE CRITERIA Section 12A Introduction 12.1. Introduction. Section 12B Quantity-Distance Principles 12.2. General. 12.3. Types of Separations. Section 12C Determining Net Explosive Weight for Quantity-Distance 12.4. Determining NEWQD of AE Items. 12.5. Determining NEWQD of a PES. 12.6. Maximum NEWQD. 12.7. Determining NEWQD for Mixed HD. Section 12D Determining Distances Between PESs and ESs 12.8. General. 12.9. Measuring from a PES. 12.10. Measuring to an ES. Section 12E Quantity-Distance Application 12.11. Quantity-Distance K-Factors. 12.12. Paired Relationships. 12.13. QD Determination. Section 12F Allowable Exposures 12.14. General. 12.15. Allowable IBD Exposures. 12.16. Allowable PTRD Exposures. 12.17. Allowable Unbarricaded ILD Exposures. 12.18. Allowable Barricaded ILD Exposures. 12.19. Allowable IMD Exposures. 12.20. Other Allowable Exposures. Section 12G Hazard Zones for ECMs and HASs 12.21. Hazard Zones for ECMs and HASs. Section 12H HD 1.1 QD Criteria 12.22. HD 1.1 Hazardous Fragment Distances. 12.23. HD 1.1 IBD and PTRD. 12.24. HD 1.1 ILD. 12.25. HD 1.1 IMD. Section 12I HD 1.2 QD Criteria 12.26. HD 1.2.1 and 1.2.2 QD Criteria. 12.27. HD 1.2.3 QD Criteria. Section 12J HD 1.3 QD Criteria 12.28. HD 1.3 QD Criteria. Section 12K HD 1.4 QD Criteria 12.29. HD 1.4 QD Criteria. Section 12L HD 1.6 QD Criteria 12.30. HD 1.6 QD Criteria. Section 12M HD 6.1 Criteria 12.31. HD 6.1 Criteria. Section 12N Energetic Liquids QD Criteria 12.32. Scope and Application. 12.33. Concept. 12.34. Determination of Energetic Liquids Quantity. 12.35. Measurement of Separation Distances. 12.36. Hazard Classification of Energetic Liquids. 12.37. QD Standards. 12.38. Contaminated Energetic Liquids. Section 12O QD Criteria Specific Facilities and Systems 12.39. General Airfield Criteria. 12.40. Combat Aircraft Related Activities. 12.41. Explosives Cargo Aircraft Related Activities. 12.42. Munitions or Weapons Storage Area Related Activities. 12.43. Concurrent Servicing Operations (CSO). 12.44. Hot-Pit Refueling Operations. 12.45. End-of-Runway and Arm/De-arm Pads and Crew Shelters. 12.46. Aircraft NEWQD. 12.47. Explosives Aircraft Exempt from Siting. 12.48. B-52 Aircraft with Nuclear Weapons Loads. 12.49. Other Aircraft Configurations. 12.50. Reduced MCEs for F-15 and F-16 Aircraft with AIM Series Missiles. 12.51. Hardened Aircraft Shelters (HASs) and Associated AE Facilities. 12.52. Weapons Storage Vaults in Hardened Aircraft Shelters. 12.53. Revetments. 12.54. Aircraft Battle Damage Repair Sites. 12.55. Helicopter Landing Areas for AE Operations. 12.56. Defensive or Tactical Missile Batteries. 12.57. Tactical Missile Separations. 12.58. Inspection Stations for AE Conveyances. 12.59. Interchange Yards for AE Conveyances. 12.60. Holding Yards for AE Conveyances. 12.61. Classification Yards. 12.62. AE Transportation Mode Change Locations. 12.63. Suspect Vehicle Holding Areas. 12.64. Secure Holding Areas. 12.65. Detached Loading Docks. 12.66. Service Magazines for Operating Locations. 12.67. Non-Explosives Loaded Vehicle Parking Areas. 12.68. Inert Storage. 12.69. Protective Shielding and Remotely Controlled Operations. 12.70. Rocket Storage, Checkout, and Assembly (RSCA) Building. 12.71. Buffered Storage. 12.72. Angled Storage. 12.73. Areas for Burning AE. 12.74. Areas Used for Intentional Detonations. 12.75. EOD Operational Responses. 12.76. EOD Proficiency Training Ranges. 12.77. EOD Training at Off-Range Locations. 12.78. Static Test Firing Propellant Loaded Items. 12.79. Military Working Dog (MWD) Explosives Search Training. 12.80. Demilitarization Operations for Expended .50-Caliber and Smaller Cartridge Casings. 12.81. POL and Other Hazardous Materials. 12.82. Storage Tanks for Water. 12.83. Underground Tanks or Pipelines for Non-Hazardous Materials. 12.84. Utilities and Services. 12.85. LGM-30 (Minuteman). 12.86. LGM-118 (Peacekeeper). 12.87. Inter-DoD Component Support and Tactical Facilities. 12.88. Criteria for non-DoD Explosives Activities on DoD Installations. Section 12P Space and Intercontinental Ballistic Missile Requirements 12.89. General Information. 12.90. Support Facilities. 12.91. Safety Control Area. 12.92. Simultaneous Operations. 12.93. Barricades. 12.94. Space Launch Complex. 12.95. Space Test Facilities. 12.96. Risk Management. 12.97. Space and Intercontinental Ballistic Missile Criteria. Figures 12.1. Hazard Zones for ECMs. 12.2. ECM Orientation Effects on IMD. 12.3. Hazard Zones for HASs. 12.4. F-15 Aircraft QD Separation Distances for Selected AIM/AGM Series Missile Configurations. 12.5. F-16 Aircraft QD Separation Distances for Selected AIM/AGM Series Missile Configurations. 12.6. Reduced MCEs and QDs for F-15 Aircraft in the Open. 12.7. Reduced MCEs and QDs for F-16 Aircraft in the Open. 12.8. Fragment Zones for General Purpose Bombs. Tables 12.1. HD 1.1 QD Criteria. 12.2. HD 1.2.1, 1.2.2, and 1.2.3 QD Criteria. 12.2. HD 1.3, 1.4 and 1.6 QD Criteria. 12.4. HD 1.1 Default Hazardous Fragment Distances (HFD). 12.5. HFD for Open Stacks of Selected HD 1.1 AE. 12.6. HD 1.1 IBD and PTRD. 12.7. HD 1.1 ILD from an ECM. 12.8. HD 1.1 ILD. 12.9. HD 1.2.1 QD in the Open. 12.10. HDD for HD 1.2.1 Stored in Structures Which Can Contribute to the Debris Hazard. 12.11. HD 1.2.2 QD. 12.12. HD 1.3 QD. 12.13. HD 1.4 QD. 12.14. HD 1.6 QD. 12.15. Hazard Classifications and Minimum QD for Energetic Liquids. 12.16. Factors to Use When Converting Energetic Liquid Densities. 12.17. Energetic Liquid Explosive Equivalents. 12.18. QD Criteria for OSHA/NFPA Class I – III Flammable and Combustible Energetic Liquids Storage in Detached Buildings or Tanks. 12.19. QD Criteria for Energetic Liquid Oxidizer (excluding Liquid Oxygen) Storage in Detached Buildings or Tanks 12.20. QD Criteria for Liquid Oxygen Storage in Detached Buildings or Tanks 12.21. QD Criteria for Liquid Hydrogen and Bulk Quantities of Hydrazines 12.22. HD 1.1 QD for Military Aircraft Parking Areas 12.23. HAS Separation Criteria to Prevent Simultaneous Detonation 12.24. HAS Separation Criteria for Aircraft Survivability 12.25A. QD from a Third Generation HAS PES to an Unhardened ES. 12.25B. QD from a First Generation HAS PES to an Unhardened ES. 12.26A. Default Maximum Case Fragment Distances versus Diameter for Intentional Detonations. 12.26B. Default Maximum Case Fragment Distances versus NEW for Intentional Detonations. 12.27. Maximum Case Fragment Distances for Selected Single Item Detonations. 12.28. Minuteman TNT Equivalencies. 12.29. Peacekeeper TNT Equivalencies. 12.30. Criteria for Non-DoD Explosives Activities on DoD Installations. 12.31. QD for HD 1.1 for K = 1.1, 1.25, 2, 2.75, 4.5, and 5. 12.32. QD for HD 1.1 for K = 6, 8, 9, 11, 18, and 40. Chapter 13–CONTINGENCIES, COMBAT OPERATIONS, MILITARY OPERATIONS OTHER THAN WAR, AND ASSOCIATED TRAINING Section 13A Introduction 13.1. Introduction. 13.2. Scope. 13.3. Contingencies, Combat Operations, MOOTW, and Associated Training. 13.4. Asset Preservation and Minimum Separation Distances. Section 13B Planning for Deployments 13.5. Planning for Deployments. Section 13C Risk Management 13.6. Risk Management. Section 13D Explosives Site Planning 13.7. Site Approval. 13.8. Site Approval and Documentation Requirements. 13.9. Explosives Site Plan Packages. 13.10. Approval Authority for Waivers. Section 13E QD Criteria for Contingencies, Combat Operations, MOOTW and Associated Training 13.11. Basic Load Ammunition Holding Area (BLAHA). 13.12. Ports. 13.13. Field Storage and Handling Areas. 13.14. Forward Arming and Refueling Point (FARP). 13.15. Airfield Operations. 13.16. Static Missile Battery Separation. 13.17. Emergency Destruction. 13.18. Separation From Fuel. Tables 13.1. QD for BLAHA and BLSA. 13.2. QD Requirements for Armored Vehicles. 13.4. QD for Contingency, Combat, and MOOTW Airfields. Chapter 14–EXPLOSIVES SITE PLANNING Section 14A Introduction 14.1. Purpose of Explosives Site Planning. 14.2. Responsibilities for Explosives Site Planning. Section 14B Explosives Clear Zones 14.3. Explosives Clear Zones. 14.4. Monitoring of Explosives Clear Zones. 14.5. Mapping Requirements for Explosives Clear Zones. 14.6. Reduction or Re-designation of Explosives Clear Zones. Section 14C Explosives Site Plans 14.7. Explosives Site Plans. 14.8. Funding for Projects Requiring Explosives Site Plans. 14.9. Situations Requiring Explosives Site Plans. 14.10. Situations Not Requiring Explosives Site Plans. 14.11. Facility Modifications or Change in Use. 14.12. Explosives Site Plan Development and Installation-level Coordination. 14.13. Explosives Site Plan Contents. 14.14. Explosives Site Plan Submission and MAJCOM and Air Force-level Coordination Process. 14.15. Explosives Site Plan Approval. 14.16. Maintenance of Approved Explosives Site Plans. Section 14D Explosives Site Plan Requirements 14.17. Explosives Site Plans for Non-DoD Explosives Activities on Air Force Installations. 14.18. Siting a Non-Explosives Exposed Site. 14.19. Explosives Site Plans Involving Exceptions. 14.20. Tiered Explosives Site Plans. 14.21. Components of the Explosives Site Plan. 14.22. Transmittal Letter. 14.23. AF Form 943. 14.24. Site Location Map. 14.25. Construction Drawings and Structural Engineering Analyses. 14.26. Automated Explosives Site Planning. 14.27. Alternative AF Form 943 Formats. Section 14E Risk Based Siting 14.28. Risk-Based Siting Tool. 14.29. Risk-Based Site Planning Requirements. 14.30. Risk-based Site Plan Documentation Requirements. 14.31. Risk-based Site Plan Review Requirements. 14.32. Quantitative Risk Management and Comparative Analysis. 14.33. Equivalent Risk-Based Analysis Tool. Section 14F: Prescribed and Adopted Forms 14.34. Prescribed Forms 14.35. Adopted Forms Figures 14.1. Evaluation Zone Examples. 14.2. Instructions for Filling out AF Form 943. 14.3. AF Form 943. 14.4. Sample Site Location Map. Tables 14.1. Evaluation Zones for Exposed sites. 14.2. Risk-Based Explosives Siting Acceptance Criteria. Attachment – 1 GLOSSARY OF REFERENCES AND SUPPORTING INFORMATION Attachment – 2 SAMPLE EXPLOSIVES SITE PLAN TRANSMITTAL LETTER. Attachment – 3 SAMPLE NARRATIVE FOR AIR FORCE QUANTITY-DISTANCE EXCEPTION REQUEST Attachment – 4 SELECTED SECRETARY OF THE AIR FORCE EXEMPTIONS Attachment – 5 QD GUIDANCE FOR ON-BASE ROADS End of Preview RETURN to Main Titles Index or Self Reliance Firearms & Weaponry
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