This book is included in the Anti-Terror, Terrorism & Terrorists section.
Federal Civil Defense Administration
TM 8-1
Introduction
This manual presents methods and procedures for use by city
civil defense organizations in preparing a civil defense urban
analysis. An urban analysis is the process of collecting, presenting,
analyzing, and utilizing pertinent information about urban
areas. Since the primary purpose of a civil defense urban
analysis is to provide the tools for undertaking realistic civil
defense planning, all pertinent aspects of the city must be
considered.
Assembling data and presenting the information graphically
on maps is only the first step in an urban analysis. The area in
which an exploded A-bomb can cause maximum casualties and
physical damage must be located. Then a hypothetical attack
must be assumed and the damage assessed. From this is determined
not only the potential casualties but also the potential
damage to each urban feature. Next, the physical area of the
city must be organized for operations and operational plans
developed by the civil defense services. In this manner, the
urban analysis can be of practical use rather than as mere
reference material to be looked at occasionally before the attack
or to be referred to after the attack.
The methods and procedures presented here are suggested
ones only. Alternate improved methods may be worked out in
some instances. Maximum utilization should be made of available
maps and data in municipal and other public offices and
agencies as well as those in private institutions.
Contents
Chapter 1. Factors affecting civil defense urban analysis
Principal uses for an urban analysis
National and international aspects of urban analysis
Local aspects of urban analysis
Urban features to be studied
Phases of an analysis
Chapter 2. Maps used in urban analysis
Source maps
Selection of a base map
Desirable characteristics of maps
General methodology
Chapter 3. Target analysis
Purpose of target analysis
Chief destructive characteristics of an A-bomb
Determining assumed aiming point
Value of concept to civil defense organization and operations
Chapter 4. Method of estimating damage to structures and facilities
Factors determining damage
Method of making the estimate
Chapter 5. Mass fire potential
Factors influencing fire susceptibility
Building density categories
Determination of building density
Preparation of building density maps
Land use maps
Weather
Relation between building density and burning potontial
Chapter 6. Techniques for estimating casualties and uninjured-unhoused
Comparison of day and resident populations
Methods of obtaining population distribution data for isorithmic maps
Preparing isorithmic maps
Method of preparing maps showing uninjured-unhoused.
Estimation of casualties and the uninjured-unhoused following a single bomb attack
Estimation of casualties and uninjured-unhoused following multiple bomb attack
Determining ground zero and bomb size following attack.
Chapter 7. Maps used in planning operation
Fire services
Engineering services
Emergency welfare services
Health services
Police services
Transportation services
Warning and communications service
Rescue service
Warden service
Appendix A. Description of source maps and supplementary materials.
Appendix B. Urban feature maps needed for urban analysis
Appendix C. Method of estimating day population
Appendix D. Official civil defense publications
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