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Who
were the Ancestral Pueblo People (Anasazi)? They
are the ancestors of modern Pueblo Indians now living in New Mexico and Arizona.
They settled and farmed in the Four Corners region between about AD 1 and AD
1300, producing fine baskets, pottery, cloth, ornaments and tools. Their
architectural achievements included cliff dwellings and pueblos (apartment-house
style villages). As the population grew and spread out, communities exchanged
goods through an elaborate trade network. Regional differences developed as
communities adapted to their surroundings in slightly different ways. We
recognize several distinct branches of the culture, including Northern San Juan,
Chaco, Kayenta, Virgin, and Rio Grande.
Archaeology
in Mesa Verde Country The Ancestral
Puebloans (Anasazi) occupied the area from approximately A.D. 1 to
A.D. 1300 and left remarkable remnants of their civilization throughout the
region.
"Anasazi"
is a Navajo word meaning "Ancient Ones." They are thought to be
ancestors of the modern Pueblo Indians, inhabited the Four Corners country of
southern Utah, southwestern Colorado, northwestern New Mexico, and northern
Arizona from about A.D. 200 to A.D. 1300, leaving a heavy accumulation of
house remains and debris.
Anasazi,
Desert People Before about A.
D. 500, Anasazi Basketmaker groups – probably extended families – took their
shelter in caves and rock overhangs – "rock shelters" – within
canyon walls, preferably facing the south so they could capitalize on warmth
from the sun during the winter. Occasionally, like the early Mogollon and
Hohokam peoples, the early Basketmakers lived in small semi-sedentary hamlets in
open areas. They left many clues to their occupations in the northern part of
the Anasazi range, from Utah to Colorado, especially in the vicinity of Durango.
The
Anasazi The Anasazi are the most
romanticized and the most studied of the prehistoric Southwestern cultures. They
seem to have lived in the most beautiful locations and left thousands of stone
houses, cliff dwellings and goods behind.
Mogollon
(Possibly Ancestral to Hopis & Zunis) 0
A. D. to 1500 A. D. Several Mogollon groups clustered within roughly 100 miles
east and west of the New Mexico and Arizona border and extended some unknown
distance southward into Chihuahua and Sonora. These westernmost groups – with
their signature brownware ceramics – give definition to the Mogollon culture,
but another group, closely related culturally and called the Jornado Mogollon,
spanned another two hundred miles eastward, almost to the Great Plains, and some
unknown distance southward, into Chihuahua. The Mogollon groups, widely
separated in different environments, progressed at different rates through three
basic phases of cultural development.
Hohokam
(Possibly Ancestral to Pimas) 100 B. C.
to 1300 A. D. The Hohokam peoples occupied a wide area of south-central Arizona
from roughly Flagstaff south to the Mexican border. They are thought to have
originally migrated north out of Mexico around 300 BC to become the most
skillful irrigation farmers the Southwest ever knew. The ingenious Hohokam
developed an elaborate irrigation network using only stone instruments and
organized labor. Before modern development obliterated this system, their
predecessors commonly referred to them as the Canal Builders